CP Flashcards
half life
the time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei
tertiary structure
the fully folded 3D conformation of a protein
peptide bond
links amino acid
COOH group + NH2 group
this forms an amide
E =
E = hf
f =
f = c lamba
absorption of UV light always results in
excitation of bound electrons
why? because inc energy
chromatography
separation technique that takes advantage of different compounds’ solubilities and relative affinities for the stationary phase used
if stationary is polar, then polar molecules will stick (via H-bonds)
nonpolar molecules will not be attracted to the stationary phase and will elute first
stereospecific reactions DON’T
DON’T produce a mixture of products
enzymes ____ the transition state
which ____ the activation energy
which ____ the reaction rate
stabilize the transition state
decreases activation energy
increases reaction rate
enzymes do NOT affect
free energy
reaction equilibrium
ionization
gaining a charge
acids: donate proton, gain NEG charge
bases: accept a proton, gain POS charge
BP is ___ in the arteries than the veins because
HIGHER
because the heart pumps blood away very forcefully so that it can reach all distant parts
ground state
lowest energy possible
aromatic amino acids:
histidine (his) H
tyrosine (tyr) T
tryptophan (trp) W
phenylalanine (phe) F
NOT proline!
when you phosphorylate an amino acid, you add a ____ which makes the amino acid ____
phosphate group
negatively charged
cooperative binding looks like…
a sigmoidal graph
proteins that denature at high temperatures are more or less stable than proteins that denature at low temperatures
MORE stable
hydroxyl –> carbonyl
carbonyl –> hydroxyl
oxidation
reduction
as VP decreases, BP _____
increases
the two are inversely related
storage lipids are ____
triacylglycerols (neutral fat)
three fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol
oxidation always occurs at the ___, and reduction always occurs at the ___
whether it’s an electrochemical or galvanic (voltaic) cell
oxidation: anode
reduction: cathode
describe REDOX in galvanic (voltaic) cell
spontaneous
negative delta G
anode (negative): oxidation
cathode (positive): reduction
describe REDOX in electrolytic cell
nonspontaneous
positive delta G
anode (positive): oxidation
cathode (negative): reduction
lewis acid
accepts electron pair
lewis base
donates electron pair
bronsted-lowry acid
donates proton
bronsted-lowry base
accepts proton
delta G =
-RTlnK
coordination number
indicates the number of atoms/ions/molecules bonded to the central atom in a molecule
ex. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 4 is the coordination number
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
second IE is energy required to remove a second electron and it is LOWEST for alkaline earth metals
secondary structure is characterized by
hydrogen bonds between backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens
in a battery-powered resistive circuit, energy goes from ___ to ___ to ___
chemical –> electrical –> thermal
shorter bonds are ___ bonds
stronger
they will have highest bond energies
what volume does 1 mole of gas occupy at STP
22.4 L
a bond between the same atom (like a C-C bond) will NOT be polar because
there is no difference in electronegativity value
planck’s constant h:
6.6 x 10 ^-34
free radical
an atom or a molecule with an unpaired electron
energy of activation is the
energy of the activated complex - energy of reactants
the relative thermodynamic stability of isomeric organic compounds can be inferred from
heats of combustion
less heat produced = more stable
more heat produced = less stable (bc more energy)
the more/less stable product will be produced in greater amounts
more stable
aka thermodynamic product
as you approach a horn/before passing it the perceived frequency f’ is ___ than the actual frequency f
higher
f’ > f as you or it moves toward
as you move away from a horn/after passing it the perceived frequency f’ is ___ than the actual frequency f
lower
f’ < f as you or it moves away
osmotic pressure =
iMRT
stored charge Q =
Q = CV
stored energy U =
U = (1/2) CV^2
