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ANS 404 > Cow Nutrition > Flashcards

Cow Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 factors that contribute to good quality silage?

A

-moisture content
-chop length
-silo packaging speed & density
-even distribution in the silo
-protection from air in the silo
-good quality forage going into the silo

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2
Q

Live microbial colonies that are added to feed mixes to promote fermentation

A

inoculants

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3
Q

What increases digestibility and increases milk production 2 lb/day on average?

A

kernel processing

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4
Q

Shears feed, longer particle lengths

A

shredlage

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5
Q

What has higher starch content than sweet corn?

A

dent corn (what’s put into dairy cattle feed; also low in sugar)

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6
Q

What are the 2 most common grouping strategies with regard to feeding?

A
  • level of production (high/low; breed)
    -stage of lactation (early/late; open, bred)
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7
Q

How does gestation affect energy requirements in the last 3 months of pregnancy?

A

It increases them

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8
Q

How does lactation affect requirements?

A

increases them, depending on level of milk production

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9
Q

Dairy rations are built from

A

forages

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10
Q

What dictates grain concentrate needs?

A

forage quality

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11
Q

What is essential for healthy rumen function and prevention of disorders like low milk fat tests, acidosis, and founder?

A

effective fiber

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12
Q

A term for feed refusals

A

orts

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13
Q

A nutrient requirement of ruminants that comes from fat, carbohydrates & protein

A

Net energy of Lactation

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14
Q

The most critical nutrient for milk production

A

water

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15
Q

Production drops fastest when cows lack

A

water

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16
Q

Related to the amount of forage that a cow will consume

A

NDF (non-digestible fiber)

17
Q

Related to the ability of a cow to digest forage

A

ADF (acid-digestible fiber)

18
Q

as NDF increases, dry matter intake (DMI)…

A

decreases

19
Q

as ADF increases, digestibility…

A

decreases

20
Q

The minimum ADF is…

A

18-20% of the diet

21
Q

Starch needs to make up at least _______ of DM

A

20%

22
Q

In general, fat should not exceed _______ of diet DM

A

6-7%

23
Q

Why must fresh cows (especially heifers) be housed separately even if fed the same ration as the rest of the herd?

A

They tend to eat less and are more socially vulnerable

24
Q

Why can having too many groups decrease milk production?

A

having too many groups can increase stress in the cows as all the groups will establish pecking orders

25
Q

The nutrient needs of a dairy cow are based on what factors? (7 possible answers)

A

activity
body weight
milk production
milk fat content
pregnancy
growth
environment

26
Q

No additional nutrients needed for growth, gain, gestation, or lactation. What mature cows are considered

A

being at maintenance

27
Q

What is essential for increasing energy intake while maintaining effective fiber requirements?

A

quality forages

28
Q

How can you increase the palatability of feed to increase dry matter intake? (3 ways)

A
  • ensure feed is more palatable by lowering use of cottonseed hulls and straw
    -include additives like molasses
  • ensure that feed is fresh, clean and free of mold
29
Q

What are some feed management strategies?

A

-make feed available (push up feed; have adequate bunk space)
-provide fresh feed and water
-minimize feed changes
-know how much cows are eating by using scales or keeping intake records
-formulate balanced rations for groups of cows

30
Q

Always feed for ______ not for ________

A

profit; production

31
Q

Income over feed cost formula

A

IOFC = Milk Production/Cow x (Milk Price / 100) ̶ Feed Cost/Day

32
Q

Non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) should be ______ of dry matter

A

40%

33
Q

consists of non-cell wall carbohydrates such as starches, sugars, organic acids, and pectin
used as an energy source by rumen microbes

A

Non-fiber carbohydrates

34
Q

Post-ruminal Lys:Met ratio of

A

3:1

35
Q

Supplement to increase RUP to _____% (range) of CP in diet DM

A

40-45%

ANS 404 (7 decks)

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