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Year 3 - Resp > COVID-19 > Flashcards

COVID-19 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathogen?

A

SARS-Cov2

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2
Q

Management?

A 
ABCDE
History
Examination
Investigations
Treatment
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3
Q

What is the number for the crash call?

A

22 22 - Trust phone only

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4
Q

Airway - what are the three manoeuvres?

A

Head tilt
Jaw thrust
Chin lift

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5
Q

How much oxygen can you give through a venturi mask?

A

15L

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6
Q

How much oxygen can you give through a venturi mask?

A

Up to 15L but better to give non-rebreathe mask as this would probably

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7
Q

How much oxygen can you give through a non-rebreathe mask?

A

15L

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8
Q

other symptoms of COVID

A 
Sore throat
Myalgia
Chills/rigors
Headache
Rhinorrhea/nasal congestion
NV
Diarrhoea
Fatigue
Confusion
Chest pain or pressure
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9
Q

PMH for COVID

A 
CVD
DM
HTN
Chronic lung disease
Cancer 
Chronic kidney disease 
Obesity
Smoking
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10
Q

Signs

A

SOB
Febrile
Dry because of fever and tachypnoea
Check calves for DVT

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11
Q

Investigations

A 
Bloods 
Lymphopaenia 
Elevated CRP 
Elevated D-Dimer
Elevated Troponin (COVID related cardiomyopathy/myocarditis)
Abnormal kidney function tests
ABG
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12
Q

Investigations

A

Bloods
Lymphopaenia
Elevated CRP
Elevated D-Dimer
Elevated Troponin (COVID related cardiomyopathy/myocarditis)
Abnormal kidney function tests (acute tubular necrosis, sepsis, prerenal AKI hypoperfusion etc)
ABG

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13
Q

Management and medication in COVID

A 
Non invasive and invasive ventilation
Proning
Dexamethasone
Remdesivir
Anticoagulation
Dialysis
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14
Q

Improving ventilation

A

Positive pressure - increasing air into lungs

If pt is unconscious, you can also take control of rate

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15
Q

What kind of pressure do you need to improve ventilation?

A

Positive pressure - increasing air into lungs

If pt is unconscious, you can also take control of rate

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16
Q

What changes happen in ARDS?

A

Destroyed alveolar membrane due to inflammation
No longer elastic
Collapse easily
Fill with pus or fluid
Blood vessels become inflamed and leaky
Lots of gunk, stasis, endothelial injury and

17
Q

What is VQ?

A 
V = Ventilation 
Q = perfusion
18
Q

Explain two mechanisms of VQ mismatch

A

Poorly oxygenated blood means decreased oxygenation (increased shunt)

OR

Oxygenated blood but no blood flow due to vasoconstriction / lack of blood flow due to PE
(increased dead space)

19
Q

What does the body try to do to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the lungs?

A

Vasoconstricts, leading to pulmonary hypertension

20
Q

What pressure is normal breathing and how does this compare to mechanical ventilation

A

Normally, inspiration creates negative pressure (a vacuum) that passively draws air in, it’s the opposite of positive pressure

21
Q

What is PEEP? What does it do?

A

Positive end expiratory pressure

Keeps the alveoli open throughout the respiratory cycle, improving oxygenation (perfusion)

22
Q

What can be done to improve ventilation?

A

Positive pressure during inspiration

Air pushed in through

23
Q

Give types of NIV

A

High flow nasal prongs
CPAP
BiPAP

24
Q

What is the point of the ‘high flow’ of the high flow nasal prongs? What is the downside?

A

Increasing the flow of air creates some positive pressure (PEEP), however this can make the mouth/nose dry and create nose bleeds
ALSO can leak oxygen therefore wastes it

25
Q

What is CPAP?What’s the advantage/disadvatage?

A

Continuous positive airway pressure delivered through HIGH PRESSURE masks

Presents collapse of alveoli, less leaks due to tight mask

However can lead to pressure sores and alveoli collapse when taken off
Plus some CPAP doesn’t

26
Q

Difference between home CPAP and hospital CPAP

A

At hospital you can also fill it with oxygen, whereas home CPAP uses normal air to deliver the

27
Q

When is BiPAP used?

A

Improves ventilation

Type 2 resp failure (COPD)

28
Q

Oxygenation vs ventilation

A

Oxygenation = oxygen moving into the lungs

Ventilation = air moving in and out of the lungs / removal of carbon dioxide etc

29
Q

Improving oxygenation requires

A

Increasing amount of oxygen in air, keeping alveoli open, hence the positive pressure CPAP and high flow nasal cannulae

30
Q

Improving ventilation requires

A

Improving flow of air, therefore bipap

Year 3 - Resp (14 decks)

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