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Year 3 - Resp > Music Soc Revision > Flashcards

Music Soc Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of ARDS

A

urosepsis

covid

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2
Q

Symptoms of ARDS

A

Sudden onset
Dyspnoea
Respiratory distress
Sx of underlying cause

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3
Q

Define ARDS

A

Inflammatory mediator release causing increased capillary permeability causing oedema, impaired gas exchange and reduced lung compliance

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4
Q

CXR for ARDS

A

Ground glass appearance

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5
Q

Atopic triad in asthma

A

Eczema
Rhinitis
Asthma
FH of atopy incl. hayfever

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6
Q

Asthma symptoms + exacerbation symptoms

A

Cough worse in the morning or wakes someone up at night

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7
Q

Asthma signs

A

FEV1/PVC ratio under 70% is diagnostic

Peak flow - varies by at least 20 percent for three days a week or increase
CXR
Bloods - neutrophilia or eosinophilia

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8
Q

Types of pneumothorax

A

Spontaneous
Secondary to COPD/asthma
Traumatic

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9
Q

Signs of acute asthma

A

Decreased chest expansion
Absent breath sounds
Decreased vocal resonance

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10
Q

Primary pneumothorax mx

A

< 2 cm - Discharge and repeat CXR
> 2 cm - Aspiration

If that fails, insert a chest drain

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11
Q

Secondary pneumothorax mx

A

If greater than 2cm - aspirate
If less than 1cm after aspiration - high flow oxygen

> 2 cm
Chest drain

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12
Q

Primary pneumothorax mx

A

If lower than 2cm - oxygen and discharge

If above 2cm - aspirate via intercostal drain in safe triangle

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13
Q

Secondary pneumothorax mx

A

If greater than 2cm - aspirate
If less than 1cm after aspiration - high flow oxygen

if more than 2cm, drain

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14
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A

Dilation of bronchi after inflammation or vaccination

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15
Q

CXR for bronchiectasisi

A

Tram track sign

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16
Q

CT bronchiectasis

A

Signet ring sign

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17
Q

Causes of bronchiectasis

A

Post infection - measles, influenza, pertussis, mycobacterium

Immunodeficiency
Genetic - CF

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18
Q

Symptoms of bronchiectasis

A

Massive sputum production

Worse when lying down or when waking up

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19
Q

Signs of bronchiectasis on auscultation

A

High pitched inspiratory squeaks, pops

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20
Q

Inv for bronchiectasisi

A

FBC
Sputum culture
CXR or tram track sign

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21
Q

CXR sign for bronchiectasis

A

Tram track sign

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22
Q

Iv for COPD

A

Vital signs
Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio
Sputum culture in acute exacerbation
FBC, U+E, ABG for hypoxia

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23
Q

COPD mx

A

Step 1: SABA/SAMA
Step 2: LAMA+LABA or Step 3: LABA+ICS
LABA+LAMA+ICS

Stop smoking
Pneumococcal vaccines
Pulmonary rehab

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24
Q

Types of lung cancer

A

Small cell
Non small cell
Mesothelioma
Mets

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25
Subdivision of non small cell lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma SCC Large cell carcinoma
26
Risk factors for lung cancer
Smoking Age Asbestos
27
Signs and symptoms - lung cancer
``` Haeoptysis Chest pain Cough Increased fractures Bone pain - PTHrP Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy ```
28
Lung cancer inv
``` Obs, bloods CXR, CT for staging Sputum culture Bronchoscopy Biopsy ```
29
Biopsy buzzword for small cell carcinoma
Oat cells on biopsy
30
Define extrinisic allergic alveolitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to inhalation of organic dusts such as from mushrooms, air conditioner, birds etc
31
Symptoms and signs of EAA
Acute - 4-12hr dry cough, dysnpoea, malaise and fever Chronic - breathlessness, reduced exercise tolerance, hx of acute episodes Fine inspiratory creps on auscultation
32
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis investigations and findings
Bloods - neutrophilia, lymphopenia, ABG showing low oxygen and co2 Serology - IgG CXR - ground glass, honeycombing, reticulonodular shadowing Ground glass apperance on high res CT Restrictive pulmonary funciton tests
33
Define pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic inflammation of lungs causing alveolar and interstitial fibrosis
34
RF for pUl fib
Smoking Animal/veg exposure Medications
35
Signs on invx???
Ground glass appearnce
36
Define pneumoconiosis
Fibrosis due to mineral dusts, incl asbestosis and silicosis
37
Signs of pneumoconiosis
Melanoptysis - coal workers Pleuritic CP - asbestosis Clubbing Decreased breath sounds
38
Signs on investigation for pneumoconiosis
``` CXR - micronodular mottling Bilateral lower reticulonodular shadowing CT - fibrotic Restrictive lung funciton pattersn Bronchoscopy and BAL ```
39
CURB 65
``` Confusion urea over 7 RR over 30 BP less than 90 over 60 over 65 ```
40
Pul fibrosis signs
Gradual onset Progressive dyspnoea on exertion Dry cough without wheeze
41
CAP
Strep pneumoniae | Haemophilus influenza
42
HAP
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Klebsiella
43
Inv and cxr findings for pneumonia
``` BP HR RR Temp Sats Sputum cutlure CXR - lobar/diffuse consolidation ```
44
Mx for pneumonia
A to E Oxygen if sats below 92, consider CPAP,BiPAP Abx Pneumonccal / HiB vacine
45
Cause of pneumonia in IVDU
Staph aureus - | causes abscess in lungs that look like cysts
46
Atypical
Cold aglutinin test - mycoplasma infectino hyponatremia - legionella Xocillea - caused by cattle Pneumocystitis jivorecci (PCP - HIV, diffuse consolidation
47
Living in closed quarters, low grade fever
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
48
Mx
Erythromycin/calri
49
Water, spas, plumbing | Dry cough
Legionella pneumophilia
50
HIV patients | Worse with exercise
Pneumocystitis jivorecii
51
IVDU h | Homelessness
Staph aureas CXR - abscess Fluxo
52
Recurrent chest infections
Bronchiectasis CF Recurrent chest infections Pseudo aureo Piptazobactam Sputum culture
53
Living in closed quarters, low grade fever
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
54
Mycoplasma pneumoniae inx
Cold agglutinins on histology
55
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mx
Erythromycin/calri
56
Water, spas, plumbing | Dry cough
Legionella pneumophilia
57
Legionella pneumophilia ivx and mx
Urine Ag test | IV cipro
58
Chlamydia psitacci ivx and mx
Sputum culture | Doxcycline
59
HIV patients | Worse with exercise
Pneumocystitis jivorecii
60
Pneumocystitis jivorecii inv and mx
High dose trimox | HIV test
61
Rash + breathlessness
Sarcoidosis
62
Define sarcoidosis
Multisystem inflammatory disorder causing non-caseating granulomas RF: Scandinavian and afro carrbiean
63
Sarcoidosis symptoms and signs
General consitituional sytmepoms Sob, dry cough Lupus pernio Erythema nodosum, arrythmias, uveitis, arthraliga
64
Sarcoidosis signs on blood
Raised serum ACE, Ca, ESR, ALP, GGT
65
Sarcoidosis signs / invx
Hypercalciuria in urine bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy Biopsy and lavage
66
TB RF
Recent travel Immunosuppression alcoholism malnutrition
67
Signs of TB
Dry cough that becomes productive cough Fever Drenching night sweats Miliary TB (TB that's spread): Meningitis Bone lesions Confusion
68
Invx/mx
Obs Sputum smear - acid fast bacilli using Ziehl-neelson stain on lowensteinjensen agar CXR- cavitation lesion of upper lobes
69
Invx/mx for tb
Obs Sputum smear - acid fast bacilli using Ziehl-neelson stain on lowensteinjensen agar CXR- cavitation lesion of upper lobes

Year 3 - Resp (14 decks)

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