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Year 3 - Resp > Music Soc Revision > Flashcards

Music Soc Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of ARDS

A

urosepsis

covid

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2
Q

Symptoms of ARDS

A

Sudden onset
Dyspnoea
Respiratory distress
Sx of underlying cause

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3
Q

Define ARDS

A

Inflammatory mediator release causing increased capillary permeability causing oedema, impaired gas exchange and reduced lung compliance

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4
Q

CXR for ARDS

A

Ground glass appearance

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5
Q

Atopic triad in asthma

A

Eczema
Rhinitis
Asthma
FH of atopy incl. hayfever

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6
Q

Asthma symptoms + exacerbation symptoms

A

Cough worse in the morning or wakes someone up at night

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7
Q

Asthma signs

A

FEV1/PVC ratio under 70% is diagnostic

Peak flow - varies by at least 20 percent for three days a week or increase
CXR
Bloods - neutrophilia or eosinophilia

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8
Q

Types of pneumothorax

A

Spontaneous
Secondary to COPD/asthma
Traumatic

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9
Q

Signs of acute asthma

A

Decreased chest expansion
Absent breath sounds
Decreased vocal resonance

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10
Q

Primary pneumothorax mx

A

< 2 cm - Discharge and repeat CXR
> 2 cm - Aspiration

If that fails, insert a chest drain

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11
Q

Secondary pneumothorax mx

A

If greater than 2cm - aspirate
If less than 1cm after aspiration - high flow oxygen

> 2 cm
Chest drain

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12
Q

Primary pneumothorax mx

A

If lower than 2cm - oxygen and discharge

If above 2cm - aspirate via intercostal drain in safe triangle

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13
Q

Secondary pneumothorax mx

A

If greater than 2cm - aspirate
If less than 1cm after aspiration - high flow oxygen

if more than 2cm, drain

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14
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A

Dilation of bronchi after inflammation or vaccination

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15
Q

CXR for bronchiectasisi

A

Tram track sign

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16
Q

CT bronchiectasis

A

Signet ring sign

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17
Q

Causes of bronchiectasis

A

Post infection - measles, influenza, pertussis, mycobacterium

Immunodeficiency
Genetic - CF

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18
Q

Symptoms of bronchiectasis

A

Massive sputum production

Worse when lying down or when waking up

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19
Q

Signs of bronchiectasis on auscultation

A

High pitched inspiratory squeaks, pops

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20
Q

Inv for bronchiectasisi

A

FBC
Sputum culture
CXR or tram track sign

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21
Q

CXR sign for bronchiectasis

A

Tram track sign

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22
Q

Iv for COPD

A

Vital signs
Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio
Sputum culture in acute exacerbation
FBC, U+E, ABG for hypoxia

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23
Q

COPD mx

A

Step 1: SABA/SAMA
Step 2: LAMA+LABA or Step 3: LABA+ICS
LABA+LAMA+ICS

Stop smoking
Pneumococcal vaccines
Pulmonary rehab

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24
Q

Types of lung cancer

A

Small cell
Non small cell
Mesothelioma
Mets

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25
Q

Subdivision of non small cell lung cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma
SCC
Large cell carcinoma

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26
Q

Risk factors for lung cancer

A

Smoking
Age
Asbestos

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27
Q

Signs and symptoms - lung cancer

A 
Haeoptysis
Chest pain
Cough
Increased fractures
Bone pain - PTHrP 
Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
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28
Q

Lung cancer inv

A 
Obs, bloods
CXR, CT for staging
Sputum culture 
Bronchoscopy
Biopsy
29
Q

Biopsy buzzword for small cell carcinoma

A

Oat cells on biopsy

30
Q

Define extrinisic allergic alveolitis

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to inhalation of organic dusts such as from mushrooms, air conditioner, birds etc

31
Q

Symptoms and signs of EAA

A

Acute - 4-12hr dry cough, dysnpoea, malaise and fever

Chronic - breathlessness, reduced exercise tolerance, hx of acute episodes

Fine inspiratory creps on auscultation

32
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis investigations and findings

A

Bloods - neutrophilia, lymphopenia, ABG showing low oxygen and co2
Serology - IgG
CXR - ground glass, honeycombing, reticulonodular shadowing
Ground glass apperance on high res CT
Restrictive pulmonary funciton tests

33
Q

Define pulmonary fibrosis

A

Idiopathic inflammation of lungs causing alveolar and interstitial fibrosis

34
Q

RF for pUl fib

A

Smoking
Animal/veg exposure
Medications

35
Q

Signs on invx???

A

Ground glass appearnce

36
Q

Define pneumoconiosis

A

Fibrosis due to mineral dusts, incl asbestosis and silicosis

37
Q

Signs of pneumoconiosis

A

Melanoptysis - coal workers
Pleuritic CP - asbestosis
Clubbing
Decreased breath sounds

38
Q

Signs on investigation for pneumoconiosis

A 
CXR - micronodular mottling
Bilateral lower reticulonodular shadowing 
CT - fibrotic 
Restrictive lung funciton pattersn
Bronchoscopy and BAL
39
Q

CURB 65

A 
Confusion
urea over 7 
RR over 30
BP less than 90 over 60
over 65
40
Q

Pul fibrosis signs

A

Gradual onset
Progressive dyspnoea on exertion
Dry cough without wheeze

41
Q

CAP

A

Strep pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenza

42
Q

HAP

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Klebsiella

43
Q

Inv and cxr findings for pneumonia

A 
BP
HR
RR
Temp
Sats
Sputum cutlure
CXR - lobar/diffuse consolidation
44
Q

Mx for pneumonia

A

A to E
Oxygen if sats below 92, consider CPAP,BiPAP
Abx
Pneumonccal / HiB vacine

45
Q

Cause of pneumonia in IVDU

A

Staph aureus -

causes abscess in lungs that look like cysts

46
Q

Atypical

A

Cold aglutinin test - mycoplasma infectino

hyponatremia - legionella
Xocillea - caused by cattle

Pneumocystitis jivorecci (PCP - HIV, diffuse consolidation

47
Q

Living in closed quarters, low grade fever

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

48
Q

Mx

A

Erythromycin/calri

49
Q

Water, spas, plumbing

Dry cough

A

Legionella pneumophilia

50
Q

HIV patients

Worse with exercise

A

Pneumocystitis jivorecii

51
Q

IVDU h

Homelessness

A

Staph aureas

CXR - abscess

Fluxo

52
Q

Recurrent chest infections

A

Bronchiectasis
CF

Recurrent chest infections
Pseudo aureo

Piptazobactam

Sputum culture

53
Q

Living in closed quarters, low grade fever

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

54
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae inx

A

Cold agglutinins on histology

55
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mx

A

Erythromycin/calri

56
Q

Water, spas, plumbing

Dry cough

A

Legionella pneumophilia

57
Q

Legionella pneumophilia ivx and mx

A

Urine Ag test

IV cipro

58
Q

Chlamydia psitacci ivx and mx

A

Sputum culture

Doxcycline

59
Q

HIV patients

Worse with exercise

A

Pneumocystitis jivorecii

60
Q

Pneumocystitis jivorecii inv and mx

A

High dose trimox

HIV test

61
Q

Rash + breathlessness

A

Sarcoidosis

62
Q

Define sarcoidosis

A

Multisystem inflammatory disorder causing non-caseating granulomas

RF: Scandinavian and afro carrbiean

63
Q

Sarcoidosis symptoms and signs

A

General consitituional sytmepoms

Sob, dry cough
Lupus pernio
Erythema nodosum, arrythmias, uveitis, arthraliga

64
Q

Sarcoidosis signs on blood

A

Raised serum ACE, Ca, ESR, ALP, GGT

65
Q

Sarcoidosis signs / invx

A

Hypercalciuria in urine
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Biopsy and lavage

66
Q

TB RF

A

Recent travel
Immunosuppression
alcoholism
malnutrition

67
Q

Signs of TB

A

Dry cough that becomes productive cough
Fever
Drenching night sweats

Miliary TB (TB that’s spread):
Meningitis
Bone lesions
Confusion

68
Q

Invx/mx

A

Obs
Sputum smear - acid fast bacilli
using Ziehl-neelson stain on lowensteinjensen agar

CXR- cavitation lesion of upper lobes

69
Q

Invx/mx for tb

A

Obs
Sputum smear - acid fast bacilli
using Ziehl-neelson stain on lowensteinjensen agar

CXR- cavitation lesion of upper lobes

Year 3 - Resp (14 decks)

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