Covid-19

Question 1

What virus group is COVID-19 from?

Answer 1

SARS-CoV-2

Question 2

How is COVID-19 transmitted? (2)

Answer 2

1) respiratory droplets
2) touching contaminated surfaces

Question 3

What is the incubation time for COVID-19?

Answer 3

5 days

Question 4

Give two pathophysiological features of COVID-19:

Answer 4

1) causes acute respiratory distress syndrome by triggering an exaggerated immune response that results in alveolar damage and pulmonary oedema
2) causes a procoagulant state by damaging endothelial cells, leading to PEs and microvascular thrombi in the lungs

Question 5

Name 6 symptoms of COVID-19:

Answer 5

1) fever
2) dyspnoea
3) malaise
4) myalgia
5) new and continuous cough (often dry)
6) altered sense of smell and taste

Question 6

Name 3 investigations for COVID-19

Answer 6

1) PCR/ lateral flow testing
2) CXR
3) CT chest

Question 7

What sign is commonly seen on a severe COVID-19 CXR?

Answer 7

bilateral ground glass opacification

Question 8

What is ground glass opacification?

Answer 8

hazy opacifications

Question 9

Give two signs on CT chest in severe cases of COVID-19?

Answer 9

1) connective tissue thickening around bronchi and pulmonary arteries
2) bilateral ground-glass change

Question 10

What two medications are given in severe COVID-19?

Answer 10

1) dexamethasone
2) remdesivir

Question 11

What is the mechanism of remdesivir?

Answer 11

RNA polymerase inhibitor

Question 12

True or false: all COVID-19 hospital patients require VTE prophylaxis

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Give 3 features of long COVID:

Answer 13

1) persistent cough
2) lethargy
3) myalgia