Covelant Bonding Flashcards
Where does covalent bonding occur?
Between 2 Non-Metals.
What do Non- Metals want to do ?
Gain electrons
How do they bond together?
They share electrons.
Why does the covalent bond form?
The positive nucleus forms an electrostatic force holding onto the shared pair of electrons.
What do most small covalent molecules exist as? and why ?
Gases, because they have weak forces between the molecules and small amount of energy needed to separate them into gases.
Are bonds strong or weak?
Strong
Are intermolecular Forces strong or weak?
Weak
Why can the strength of an intermolecular force vary?
By the number of protons and neutrons in the molecule.
If you have a larger atom what does this do to the melting and boiling point and the intermolecular Force?
it increases the M+B points as more energy is needed to break the bond. It also increases the weak intermolecular force.
What is a giant covalent structure?
A structure that contains billions of atoms so much that you can see it.
What are 2 examples of giant covalent structures?
Diamond
Graphite
What are Diamonds and Graphite made off?
They are both made of Carbon, so we call them Allotropes because they are arranged differently but are made of the same substance.
What is an Allotrope?
Substances made of the same material but arranged in a different way or form.
What are the 6 properties of a Diamond?
- each carbon atom has 4 bonds
- these bonds are all strong and covalent
- lots of energy is needed to break them because there is lots of bonds
- they have high M+B points
- they are VERY strong because any pressure applied is spread out through the bonds
- they are brittle
What is diamond mainly used for?
cutting tools
What is the shape of a diamond called?
Tetrahedral
What are the 7 properties of a Graphite?
- graphite is made from carbon
- there is only a small difference between graphite and diamond
- each carbon atom has 3 bonds
- they form a planar hexagonal structure
- the layers are able to slide over each other making them a solid lubricant
- they have high M+B points (lower than diamond)
- these bonds are all strong and covalent
Properties of these allotropes?
they have high M+B points
they are unable to conduct electricity because they don’t have charged particles that can move
What is different about graphite?
it can conduct electricity
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
it has a sea of delocalised electrons which can move between the sheets of carbon
