Covalent bonding Flashcards
a covalent bond is formed when an atomic orbital containing
a single electron from one atom overlaps with an atomic orbital also containing a single electron of another atom
when two s-orbitals overlap, they form a
sigma bond
when two p-orbitals overlap so that each p-orbital is horizontal and their ends overlap, they form a
sigma bond
when two p-orbitals overlap vertically, so that the half of each orbital overlaps, they form a
pi bond
s-orbitals are……..in shape
circular
p-orbitals are………..in shape
like an 8 or infinity symbol
if an s-orbital overlaps with a p-orbital, they form a
sigma bond
the sigma bond formed when an s-orbital and a p-orbital overlaps means there are two different elements involved, so the covalent bond is
polar
an end-on overlap leads to the formation of
sigma bonds (single covalent bonds)
a sideways-on overlap leads to the formation of
pi bonds (double covalent bonds)
a pi bond cannot be formed until
a sigma bond has formed
the formation of a pi bond results in a high electron density where around the molecule?
above and below
in an ethene molecule, one of the bonds between the carbon atoms is……..while the other is…….
a sigma bond and the other a pi bond
in ethene, the pi bond is…..than the sigma bond
weaker
the pi bond in alkenes is what makes them readily undergo
addition reactions
