Covalent Bonding

Question 1

Define covalent bond

Answer 1

efa bt shared pairs of electrons and positively charge nuclei

Question 2

How is covalent bond form?

Answer 2

A pair of electrons is shared by two overlapping atomic orbitals

Question 3

What are two types of covalent bonds?

Answer 3

1. Sigma bond

2. Pi bond

Question 4

Explain sigma bond

Answer 4

Single region of orbital overlap that is formed by head-on overlap of two orbitals of two atoms. The overlap can be between ss, sp and pp orbitals.

Question 5

Explain pi bond

Answer 5

Two separate regions of overlap that is formed when the p orbital of and atom form a sideways overlap with another p orbital of another atom

Question 6

What are the 2 requirements to form dative bonds?

Answer 6

1. One of the atoms has a lone pair of electrons

2. Another atom had an empty orbital

Question 7

What are the two factors affecting the strength of covalent bonds?

Answer 7

1. Multiple bonds (bond order)
   - overlap increases, electron density binding the bonding atoms increase
   => triple>double>single
   - no of bond I increases, bond energy increases, bond length decreases
2. Effectiveness of orbital overlaps
   -orbitals used in bonding increases, electron more diffused
   - effectiveness of overlap bt atomic orbitals decease
   => bond energy decreases