Court Cases Background information Flashcards
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
“We conclude that the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” —Chief Justice Earl Warren. Plessy vs. Ferguson was over ruled and separate but equal was dead.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Court decided that state laws requiring separate but equal schools violated the fourteenth amendment.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The court decided that it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth amendment.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The court concluded that people of African ancestry were not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word “citizens” in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The court used the “taking clause” in the fifth amendment for the ruling in this case.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The court used the fifth amendment for the ruling of this decision, which prohibited the denying property laws without due process.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The Court unanimously ruled in Gideon’s favor, stating that the Sixth Amendment requires state courts to provide attorneys for criminal defendants who cannot otherwise afford counsel.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Sixth Amendment was used for the ruling of this case.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The council clause from the Sixth Amendment gives the right of an attorney to all facing trial.
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The Court agreed with government, that the evacuation was necessary to protect the country, and stated that the need to protect the country was a greater priority than the individual rights of the Japanese and Japanese Americans.
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
Article two section two of the constitution was used for the ruling of this case. It gives the president the power to make decisions for the protection of the people.
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Court used the Commander and Chief Clause of Article Two of the the ruling of this case.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The Court determined that evidence obtained against Mapp through the state search violated the Fourth Amendment, which prohibited unwarranted search and seizure. It also concluded the evidence obtained against Mapp was inadmissible in state courts.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Court used the fourth amendment to make this decision. The amendment prohibited search and seizure without
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Court used the Warrant Clause.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The Supreme Court agreed with Miranda and his attorney, they argued that Miranda confession should have been excluded from trial, deciding that the police had not taken proper steps to inform Miranda of his rights.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The court used the Fifth Amendment, right against self-incrimination, and Sixth, Amendment right to the assistance of an attorney, were used in this case.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
Fifth Amendment- The self-incrimination clause
Sixth Amendment- The council clause
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The court upheld the previous decisions in this Supreme Court case by determining that that racial segregation is constitutional under the separate but equal doctrine.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The court used the 14th amendment to anywise this case
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
No particular clause however the separate but equal doctrine was used
Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The court concluded that a institution can use race as a decided factor as long as other elements were also taken into account.
In this case US Davis, did not meet these requirements and therefore, the court concluded that they violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment .
Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
In this case, the court used the 14th amendment.
Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
In this case, the court used the equal protection clause.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
In deciding for Roe, the Supreme Court invalidated any state laws that prohibited first trimester abortions. The court sided with Roe by asserting that the 14 amendment prohibits the states denying any right to individuals that are covered by the right to privacy.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
It violated the guarantee of personal liberty and the right to privacy implicitly guaranteed in the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
In this case, the court used the “due-process” clause of the fourteenth amendment.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
1) What was the ruling (decision) of the U.S. Supreme Court in this case?
The Supreme Court decided that the Tinkers had the right to wear the armbands, with Justice Abe Fortas stating that no one expects students to “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
2) What Amendment or Article of the Constitution was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Supreme Court used the first amendment to the constitution, freedom of speech, to decide this.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
3) What particular “clause” (if any) of the Amendment or Article was used for the ruling (decision) in the case?
The Supreme Court used the free speech Clause.
