court cases Flashcards
what was the significance of smith v. wainwright?
this ruling struck down the white primaries. Tx could no longer block blacks from voting in the democratic primary
what was the ruling in brown v. board of education?
separation is inherently unequal. overturned plessy v. ferguson
what was the courts reaction to milliken v. gradely?
the courts backed off the forced busing policy
what court case is an illustration of the supremacy clause and the elastic clause?
McCulloch v. Maryland
how did the ruling of the McCulloch v. Maryland case illustrate the supremacy clause? the elastic clause?
national laws override state laws. The state could not tax a federal bank.
it was questioned whether we need a national bank- the court respond with the elastic clause
what did the court case Gibbons v. Ogden illustrate?
the supremacy clause and the commerce clause.
how did the ruling of the Gibbons v. Ogden case illustrate the supremacy clause? the commerce clause?
because the federal government had issued a license to gibbons, he could cross state lines
neither state had the authority to control concessions between NY and NJ
what was the ruling in Barron v. Baltimore?
John Marshall said the the 5th amendment did not apply to this case because it was not the federal government who had violated Barron’s property
when did the court make the first amendment applicable to the states?
Gitlow v. NY
in which court case was it ruled that symbolic speech is generally protected under the first amendment?
TX v. Johnson (flag burning case. not a popular ruling)
what was the result of the ruling in miller v. california?
authority for deciding what is obscene is given back to the states and local governments
in which case was it ruled that the state could not engage is censorship- they denying of publishing materials? what does the state have power to do?
Near v. Minnesota
after publication grounds may be claimed for bringing prosecution but their publication cannot be denied form the onset
describe the Sheppard case
the jury was not isolated from press influence. on these grounds sheppard got off
describe the case/ruling of employment division v. smith
getting high for religious reason is no defense when someone works for the state in a drug counseling job.
what did the case Engle v. Vitale address?
prayer in school (court ruling was opposed to prayer in school)
Mapp v. Ohio
Mapp was not convicted based on the evidence gathered against her because it was obtained unlawfully
Gideon V. Wainwright
Gideon was not allowed an attorney to defend him against a felony charge. He served 25 yrs for a petty crime. he wrote a defense in jail and this helped change the way things happened
which case suspended capital punishment?
Furman v. Georgia
which case reinstated capital punishment? what is significant about this ruling?
Gregg v. Georgia- sentencing and punishing phases were entirely separated
Plessy v. Ferguson
separate but equal
what case overturned the ruling in plessy v. ferguson?
Brown v. Board of education
what did dread v. sandford basically overturn?
the compromise of 1850