Court Cases

Question 1

Hobson v Hansen (1967)

Answer 1

The courts declared that a tracking system based on IQ testing unfairly discriminated against minorities and those who were poor. This ruling helped establish policies to help ensure that all students receive an education in the least restrictive environment and that students receive fair assessments.

Question 2

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971)

Answer 2

An advocate group challenged a state law that denied access to education for students with intellectual disabilities. This ruling stated that the state was required to provide a free appropriate public education to all children, including those with disabilities.

Question 3

Brown v Topeka Board of Education (1954)

Answer 3

Separate is not equal. The court declared that education must be made available to all children and must be on equal terms. This case was foundational for future court decisions regarding discrimination against students with disabilities (14th amendement)

Question 4

Mills v Board of Education of the District of Columbia (1972)

Answer 4

The courts ruled that the lack of funds was not an excuse for not providing services to students with mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional disabilities.

Question 5

Board of Education of the Hedrick Hudson School System v Rowley (1982)

Answer 5

Supreme Court ruled that school are not required to provide superior services regardless of expense. Rather they are to provide services that are equal and appropriate.

Question 6

Irving Independent School District v Tatro (1984)

Answer 6

Supreme Court rules that medical procedures, such as catheterization that could be performed by qualified non physicians were a necessary service for children with physical disabilities to remain in school so they should be provided.

Question 7

Honing v Doe (1988)

Answer 7

Ruled that children with with emotional and/or behavioral disabilities could not be excluded from school indefinitely for misbehavior if the behavior is determined to be a manifestation of the disability.

Impact: Due process. Manifest determination

Question 8

Daniel R. R. v State Board of Education (1989)

Answer 8

Reinforced the conceptual understanding of LRE and what maximum extent possible meant in SPED situations

Question 9

Diana V California state board of education

Answer 9

Students must be tested in their primary language

Question 10

Larry P v Riles

Answer 10

Students must be given test questions that are culturally relevant to them

Question 11

Endrew

Answer 11

Students must be making progress in school to provide FAPE

established a minimum fro FAPE