Course Recap Flashcards
Intentional design for environment
-minimizing pollution
-minimizing the mass cycle for every product
-minimizing the energy cascade in the system and maximizing efficiency
-minimizing waste
-minimizing life cycle impact
Three Is of design
Identify, implement, invent
Identify
Empathize:
involve end user and experts
- immerse: experience what your user/audience experiences.
-observe: view users and their behavior in the context of their lives
-Engage: interact with and interview users throughout both scheduled and short intercept encounters,
-research
Define/identify need and project requirements
- need statement
- identify requirements: functions objectives and constraints
-identify stakeholders and existing solutions
Invent
- Concept generation: ideation
(Mental process if going wide in terms of concepts and outcomes. Ideation provides the fuel for building prototypes and driving innovative solutions) - Concept Testing
(What should you test, minimum viable product, low fidelity prototypes, test riskiest assumption first, involve end users and experts - Concept selection
Implement
-Implement strategy development
- Implement strategy execution
- Solicit Feedback- involve end-user and experts
When is the cycle done?
-If it is a cycle.. are you never done?
-Does iteration stop before reaching an ideal solution?
- Design team could always come up with a better design (if you had more time or more resources)
- They could always find a better solution in future (more scientific knowledge, improved technology)
-To bring a new piece of technology into being we must always STOP our iteration design process and move on to actual implementation
Need Statement
A way to address problem in/for population.
A way to address problem in/for population that outcomes.
Solution dependent
Pre-defined/implicit solution
Solution Independent
Possible solutions, but not defined
Scoping
Vary scope for problem and population in different combinations
Functions
What the trchnology must do to meet the need
All of the functions that the technology must be able to fulfill to be considered a viable solution
Binary yes or no
Quantify if possible
Objectives
What the design solution should be ideally
Form maximize or minimize, quantifiable with units
If you have >1 possible solutions that meet functions and constraint, objectives are used to choose the best solution
Constraints
Externally applied, what the technology must be or do.
Binary yes or no (if solution is ineligible)
Major constraint Areas
PPM: Plan
Stage 1: Project Planning
1) graphical work breakdown structure
2) Tabular work breakdown structure
3) Network flow diagram and or Gantt chart
Stage 2: Project Plan Analysis
1) Critical Path
2) Resource Modification
Stage 3: Project Plan Management
1) Risk management
2) Ongoing management
Graphical work breakdown structure
Graphical work break down structure: capture all work that needs to be completed.
Hierarchical decomposition around deliverables and associated project goals
Divide project into manageable components
Dependencies
Network flow diagrams: great for finish-start dependencies
More complex dependencies and long projects difficult to model with Network flow diagrams -> Gantt Chart
Finish to start (FS)
Start to start (ss)
finish to finish (FF)
Start to finish (SF)
Stakeholders
Any party who may have an interest in a product/project or will be affected by its outcomes
All stakeholders have the capacity to support, be neutral or resist
Does cycle and flow of money identify all stakeholders
No
Solution Landscape
Ideal corner depends in criteria.
Example cost vs benefit (lower cost, higher benefit, ideal corner is bottom right)
Ideation techniques
- Brainstorming
- origional
- modification
- brain writing - Mind mapping
- Scamper
- Heuristic Ideation Technique (HIT)
Summary of Ideation Steps
- Functional/structural decomposition
- Ideation for each part of the problem
- brainstorming
- mind mapping
- scamper
- hit - Explore various combinations via morph chart
Graphical Selection
- Identify “ideal corner”
- Draw solution selection line
- ideal corner: top left or bottom right y=x
- ideal corner: bottom left or top righht y =-x+ ymax - Move solution selection line towards ideal corner
- Last solution to be intersected is best
Once you select solutions
1) prototype: build a minimum model to test one assumption/prove a concept
2) measure/evaluate
3) Learn: adjust solutions as needed
4) Move on to the next most risky assumption
5 Categories of prototypes
Works like: may not look or feel like final product, but functions the same way
Feels like: made of similar material but does not function like the final product
Is like: combination of works like and feels like but still needs iterating specifically with respect to looks
Looks like: shape, color, size, and or packaging like final product. Does not need to work
Looks like/ is like: model looks like and works like the final, may still need iterating
Physical and hardware prototyping resources
Low fidelity
- sketch the product
- piece of material
- cardboard, tape, scissors to build product
- wood and hand tools
Medium Fidelity
- CAD/CAM modelling
- 3D printers
- Arduino’s and Breadboards
High Fidelity
- Machining and Manufacturing
System thinking
Is a way of exploring and developing effective action by looking at connected wholes rather than separate parts
LCA Databases
-Needs
-ELCD
-ECOINVENT
-Soca
-USLCI
-Agri-footprint
-EXIOBASE
-ARVI
-GABI
-PSILCA
-ESU- World Food
-USDA
