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BCIA Neurofeedback Exam > Course Questions Pt1 > Flashcards

Course Questions Pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: A negative slow cortical potential is associated with a decrease in cortical excitability.

A

False

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2
Q

Theta activity is most often associated with which of the following?
A: Intense cognitive processing
B: Creativity, spontaneity, and memory formation
C: Hyperperfusion (increased blood flow to the cortex where theta is present)
D: Too many hours of watching cat videos

A

B: Creativity, spontaneity, and memory formation

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3
Q

What is the frequency band of Mu rhythm and where is it observed on the cortex?
A: 4-8Hz, frontal lobes
B: 13-36Hz, occipital lobes
C: 8-12Hz, occipital lobes
D: 8-12Hz, somatosensory motor cortex

A

D: 8-12Hz, somatosensory motor cortex

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4
Q

The units of Peak Alpha frequency are:
A: Hz
B: Current source density
C: Lbs.
D: Amplitude or power

A

A: Hz

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5
Q

Which EEG measures are meaningful to investigate as potential presenting problems?
A: Amplitude asymmetries
B: Deficient alpha in the eyes-closed condition
C: Power ratios
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

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6
Q

Whose famous experiment used a stimoceiver, a radio that stimulates brain waves, onto the brains of live bulls to control their actions?
A: W. Grey Walter
B: Jose Delgado
C: Yoda
D: Joel Lubar

A

B: Jose Delgado
(Jose Delgado invented the ‘Stimoceiver.’ His earliest work was on cats but he later did experiments with monkeys, humans, psychiatric patients, etc. His most famous experiment was on bulls where he controlled the bull’s actions causing the Bull to come to a stop while it was charging Delgado.)

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7
Q

The terms ‘neurons’ and ‘synapse’ were coined by:
A: St. Valentine
B: Charles Scott Sherrington
C: E. Roy John
D: Samuel Sutton

A

B: Charles Scott Sherrington
(Charles Scott Sherrington studied the mammalian nervous system, where he coined the terms ‘neurons’ and ‘synapse.’ His discovery helped pave the treatment of nervous disorders including atrophy and paralysis.)

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8
Q

___________ and colleagues first reported P300 (P3) slow cortical potential wave, also known as the expectancy wave?
A: Samuel Sutton
B: Barry Sterman
C: E.D Adrian and B.H.C Mathews
D: Charles Darwin

A

A: Samuel Sutton

(Samuel Sutton and colleagues discovered the P300/ “Expectancy Wave.” The P300 is an amplitude wave seen in the EEG that can be used as an indicator of psychological disorders when compared to normative controls and continues to be used in research for core findings in the field.)

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9
Q

_________________ conducted a live demonstration of the EEG recording at the 1935 Physiological Society meeting that helped spread the use of EEG in both research and clinical fields.
A: E. D. Adrian and B.H.C. Mathews
B: Johnny Depp
C: Gibbs, Davis, and Lennox
D: Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinksy

A

A: E. D. Adrian and B.H.C. Mathews

(E. D Adrian and B. H. C. Mathews went to the 1935 Physiological Society meeting where they gave a live demonstration of EEG, showing their findings (including the alpha rhythm and the blocking effect due to closing of the eyes).

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10
Q

Margaret Ayers:
A: Was one of the first pioneers of Neurofeedback to establish a private clinical practice devoted exclusively to Neurofeedback.
B: Conducted studies on the EEG of comatose patients.
C: Created Neurofeedback protocols to train the brains of individuals who suffered concussions and traumatic brain injury.
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above
(Margaret Ayers was the first to open a private practice devoted exclusively to Neurofeedback and publish papers on Neurofeedback of symptoms related to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

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11
Q

The coordinated Allocation of Resources (CAR) model for analyzing QEEG patterns was done by?
A: Niels Birbaumer
B: Henry Ford
C: Kirtley Thornton
D: Margaret Ayers

A

A: Niels Birbaumer
(Niels Birbaumer studied the efficacy of slow cortical potential (SCPs) training. Slow cortical potentials are negative/positive polarizations of the EEG or MEG. Regulating slow cortical potentials constitute a way to regulate networks and therefore behavior.)

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12
Q

The definition of Neurofeedback includes which of the following?
A: NFT uses monitoring devices to provide moment-to-moment information to an individual on the state of their physiological functioning.
B: The characteristic that distinguishes NFT from other biofeedback is a focus on the central nervous system and the brain
C: NFT also addresses behavioral, cognitive, and subjective aspects as well as brain activity.
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

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13
Q

There is a cranial landmark located at the base of the skull at the external occipital protuberance, the highest point of which is referred to as the _______.
A: Mastoid
B: Nasion
C: Inion
D: Mullet

A

C: Inion

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14
Q

We need at least ___ sensor(s) on the scalp to get a signal.
A: 1
B: 2
C: 3
D: 4

A

C: 3

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15
Q

Fp1 is ____ of the total circumference distance from Fp2.
A: 15%
B: 20%
C: 10%
D: 100000%

A

C: 10%

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16
Q

Why is the 10-20 International System of Electrode Placement important?
A: The system is used to measure the size of the electrode locations
B: The system uses technology, making measurements not necessary
C: The system is recognized universally, creating comparable measures of electrode locations for different individuals
D: The system is not important

A

C: The system is recognized universally, creating comparable measures of electrode locations for different individuals

17
Q

The definition of reinforcement is:
A: Learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling.
B: The more the intense the material taught, the more likely it will be learned.
C: Individuals learn best when they are physically, mentally, and emotionally ready to learn.
D: All of the above

A

A: Learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling.

18
Q

True or False: The ultimate goals of Neurofeedback are pairing a stimulus with a specific response (discrimination) and pairing that learned response in the appropriate setting (generalization).

A

True

19
Q

True or False: Neurofeedback training is a specific type of Biofeedback training that focuses on the Peripheral nervous system.

A

False

20
Q

Why is it necessary to understand Learning Theory as a Neurofeedback practitioner?
A: By knowing learning theory, the practitioner can make the client learn faster.
B: Neurofeedback is a classical conditioning learning paradigm; it is important to know how to train the brain and be able to coach clients towards success.
C: Neurofeedback is an operant conditioning learning paradigm; it is important to know how to train the brain and to be able to coach clients toward success.
D: The Neurofeedback practitioner does not need to understand Learning Theory as Neurofeedback is learned explicitly.

A

C: Neurofeedback is an operant conditioning learning paradigm; it is important to know how to train the brain and to be able to coach clients toward success.

21
Q

State changes that the client learns to regulate with Neurofeedback include:
A: Cognitive clarity
B: Emotional Regulation
C: Sleep
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

22
Q

Thorndike’s Law of Effect states that
A: Operant conditioning can increase a desired behavior and/or decrease an unwanted behavior by providing a reward or punishment.
B: Discriminant feedback is desirable for the brain to learn.
C: Responses that produce a satisfying or rewarding effect or experience a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation.
D: Funny cat videos are the most potent form of learning when one is bored

A

C: Responses that produce a satisfying or rewarding effect or experience a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation.

23
Q

Clinical trials in Neurofeedback have used the following experimental designs:
A: Case series studies
B: Intervention studies
C: Randomized control trials
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

24
Q

Why is it important to report the effect size?
A: The effect size measures the magnitude of the effect
B: Effect size can be used in meta-analysis to compare results
C: Effect size is independent of sample size
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

25
Q

In the Meta-Analysis studying the efficacy of Neurofeedback, the data included used the teacher assessment of the ADHD child client. In addition to this measure, John Anderson emphasizes the additional need to report ______________.
A: Personality changes
B: Dietary elements
C: Neuromarker changes
D: Family lineage

A

C: Neuromarker changes

26
Q

In the paper by Johnston and Gunkleman (2003), on the use of EEG databases and QEEG evaluation, the following databases were found to be valid:
A: The Neurometrics database by E. Roy John
B: Robert Thatcher’s Neuroguide database
C: Sterman and Kaiser’s SKIL Database
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

27
Q

True or false: It is difficult to do randomized controlled trials for Neurofeedback due to the inability to conduct double blind trials.

A

True

28
Q

Which category of practitioners conventionally reads and interprets EEG?
A: Neurologists
B: Epileptologists
C: Technicians
D: A and B

A

D: A and B

29
Q

Amplitude is a measure of _____________, and wavelength defines the ____________ in EEG metrics
A: Sinusoidal goodness of fit; spectral properties
B: Frequency; power
C: Power; period
D: Battery life; sampling rate

A

C: Power; period

30
Q

“Alpha response” and “alpha suppression” refer to what?
A: The presence of a traumatic brain injury in a comatose patient.
B: The enhancement of alpha amplitude upon eye closure and the reduction of alpha amplitude when the eyes are open.
C: The enhancement of alpha amplitude upon eye opening and the reduction of alpha amplitude when the eyes are closed.
D: Typical EEG patterns observed in the frontal lobes of individuals who take Benzodiazepines.

A

B: The enhancement of alpha amplitude upon eye closure and the reduction of alpha amplitude when the eyes are open.

31
Q

In NeuroGuide, the Z-score FFT Summary Information brain maps provide the following information about the EEG:
A: The absolute and relative amount of power in each frequency band compared to aged-matched neurotypical controls.
B: Measures of asymmetry of EEG activity in the brain.
C: Network communication metrics.
D: All of the above

A

D: All of the above

BCIA Neurofeedback Exam (5 decks)

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