Course Overview Part 1 Flashcards
Chain of Infection
1: Pathogen Agent
2: Reservoir
3: Portal of exit from reservoir
4: Method of transmission
5: Portal of entry to the susceptible host
6: Susceptible host
5 moments of hand Hygiene
- Before touching a patient
- Before clean/aseptic procedure
- After body fluid exposure risk
- After touching a patient
- After touching patient surrounding
Donning PPE
Step 1: Hand hygiene
Step 2: Gown/Apron
Step 3: Mask/Respirator
Step 4: Protective Eyewear
Step 5: Hand Hygiene
Step 6: Gloves
Doffing PPE
Step 1: Gloves
Step 2: Hand Hygiene
Step 3: Gown
Step 4: Hand Hygiene
Step 5: Protective Eyewear
Step 6: Hand Hygiene
Step 7: Mask or Respirator
Step 8: Hand Hygiene
Manual Handling
- Protecting you back
- Back is vulnerable to manual handling injuries
Positioning Patients High fowlers
Positioning Patients Semi fowlers
Positioning Patients lateral
Positioning Patients Trendelenburg
Positioning Patients Supine
Positioning Patients Prone
Standard Precautions
First-line approach to infection and prevention & control, applied to everyone regardless of their infectious status.
Transmission-Based precautions
Used in addition to standard precaution for paient’s with a known or suspected infections
How to break chain; Infectious Agent
- Medication “herd immunity”
- Antimicrobial stewardship
How to break chain; Reservoir
- Eliminate the sources
- Food, water, animals, people, environmental surfaces
How to break chain; Portal of exit
- Prevent organisms leaving source
- Cough ettiquette, manage spills, care with body fluids (PPE)
How to break chain; Method of transmission
- Contact, Droplet, Airborne, vector
- Standard/ Transmission precautions, stay at home if sick
How to break chain; Portal of entry
- Care with open wounds, IOV sites, urinary catheters, respiratory tract, broken skin, surgical incision
How to break chain; Susceptible host
- Protect acutely ill, very young and frail elderly with low immunity
- Vaccination
Standard Precautions Examples
- Hand hygiene
- Environmental cleaning
- Handling and disposal of sharps
- Handling of waste and linen
- Aspetic non-touch technique
Mode of transmission routes
- Contact
- Droplet
- Airborne
Transmission-Based precautions Examples
- PPE dedicated to mode of transission
- Patient-dedicated equipment
- Single room/cohort of patients
- Air handling requirements
- Enhancing cleaning and disinfection of patient environment
Fluid Balance (too much in/too much out)
We need to maintain a reasonable fluid balance in out body
- Too much fluid in: Oedema (swelling)
- Too much fluid out: Dehydration
ISOBAR Acronym
- I: Introduction
- S: Situation
- O: Observation
- B: Background
- A: Assessment
- R: Recommendation
Subjective Data
Qualitative data. Apparent to only the person affected. Symptoms
Objective Data
Quantitative Data. Detectable by an observer, can be measured or tested against a standard. Signs
Assessing Respirations
- Rate
- Depth
- Pattern/Rhythm
- Quality/Sounds
Assessing Pulse
- Rate
- Rhythm
- Strength
- Equality
Assessing Consciousness AVPU
- A: Patient is spontaneously ALERT
- V: Patient will respond to a VERBAL stimulus
- P: Patient will respond to a PAINFUL stimulus
- U: Patient is UNRESPONSIVE
Pyrexia/Fever
Body temperature above the usual range
Febrile
A person who has pyrexia
Afebrile
A person who has a normal temperature
Hypothermia
Body temperature below 35
