Course 4: The rise of Al-Andalus Flashcards
who was the prophet ?
prophet muhammad
what happened during the rashidun caliphate?
expension outsite the arabian peninsula
what countries did they conquest?
syria, armenia, egyp and north africa
where did the arabs conquests continue to?
north africa and central asia
was the expansion slow?
no it was rapid
were the arab armies highly mobile and a versatile force?
yes
who did they integrate in their armies?
non-arabas and non-muslims
didn’t the arabs seek the forced conversion of non-muslim populations at the beginning?
no, but they demanded obedience to the religious and political of prophet muhammad
who entered first the IP from north africa?
a berber general Tariq ibn Ziyad and soldiers
was the muslim army led by only arabs?
no, they were also composed mainly of north african tribes
was there a problem of the sources during the muslim invasion
yes
name one reason why there was an endemic instability of the visigoth kingdom?
the religious question and the jewish communities
what did economy have to do with the endemic instability of the visigoth kingdom?
the collapse of the economy and a demographic crisis
was al-andalus part of the ummayd caliphate as a independant province?
no, it was a dependend province
what were the berbers rebelling against?
the exclusive arab elite and that they refused to support them with tax revenues
weren’t there internal problem and rivalries of the original arab groups and to more recent arab grous?
yes
who proclaimed the Emirate of Cordoba a political and administratively independent from Abbasid dynasty?
it was Abd al-Rahman
was the emirate spiritually and morally connected with the rest of Islam?
yes it was
what is a caliph?
political authority, no longer recognize the religious authority
who proclaimed himself caliph?
abd al-rahman
was cordoba the capital of the caliphate?
yes
did cordoba become the biggest metropolis in western europe?
yes, and it was really advanced
in what areas was al-andalus most advanced?
in sciences, economy, art
did al-andalus re-opened the mediterranean trade routes?
yes
what did al-andalus led to?
the revival of agriculture: arab irrigation, techniques that were sophisticated
what were the cultures that were coexisting?
jewish, christian and muslim
wasn’t the al-andalus society equal?
no
didn’t the muslims of arab origin had a higher status than those from berber?
yes
who was at the top of the pyramid?
the caliph or emir
who held positions of power and enjoyed a higher status than the rest?
the moorish conquerors
did the muslim have to pay taxes?
no
who were the muladi?
christians that converted to the muslim religion
were the jews merchants?
yes
did the jews have to pay taxes?
yes
who were the mozarabs?
christians living in al-andalus
what did the slaves do?
used for labour
was there a religious tolerance?
yes
weren’t the jews and christians not tolerated?
no, they were tolerated to a certain degree
what was one condition for them to be tolerated?
if they acknowledged the islamic superiority
did the jews and christians have to comply with the rules?
yes
name 3 restrictions that the jews and christians had?
clothing, building synagogues and churches, and not able to carry weapons
was the conversion graduate?
yes
wasn’t there 50% of the local population that were muslim and after almost 90%?
yes
where did the arab settled in?
cordoba, Seville and Zaragza
what exacerbated the inter-ethnic tensions?
the arrival of the syrians
could the christians and jews practive their faith?
yes
was there economic interaction between the faiths?
yes
didn’t the christian communities became increasingly arabized in language?
yes
what was the priority of the new emire?
to neutralize the rebellious elements within Al-Andalus
who where the ennemies during the Moorish South ?
the christians
