Course 1: Geography, prehistory, Pre-Roman Iberia

Question 1

three main areas of the Iberian peninsula

Answer 1

Mediterranean region, central plateau, Atlantic region

Question 2

Iberian is a crossroad of what cultures

Answer 2

contact with the cultures of the northern and eastern Mediterranean: phoenicians, romans and southern Mediterranean: carthage

Question 3

what is the world heritage site ?

Answer 3

earliest and most abundant evidence of humankind in europe found in the caves of the sierra de Atapuerca

Question 4

what is a the pit of bones ?

Answer 4

more than 1,600 human fossils, including skulls

Question 5

a surprising discovery: 1879: the cave art of altamira

Answer 5

idyllic space in northern spain

Question 6

why are the altamira cave paintings important ?

Answer 6

represent the apogee of paleolithic cave art, and some of the best early realistic paintings in all of human history

Question 7

what was the iberian peninsula before the carthaginian conquests?

Answer 7

iberos: east, celtiberians: center and northwest, vascones/aquitanian: north

Question 8

what is the iberos origin?

Answer 8

probably from north africa, settled in the eastern and southern coasts of IP

Question 9

what is the iberos strong influence ?

Answer 9

eastern mediterranean: greek/phoenician

Question 10

what is the iberos economy ?

Answer 10

diversified: mines, agricultures, based on trade

Question 11

what is the iberos society?

Answer 11

a stratified (divided into levels) one: nobles, artisans, priests, slaves

Question 12

what is the iberos religion?

Answer 12

polytheistic (more than one god), but not clearly centralized politically

Question 13

what was the iberos language?

Answer 13

spoke iberian language, became extinct after the roman conquest

Question 14

what is the iberos connection?

Answer 14

the mediterranean

Question 15

what is the celtic iberia’s connection?

Answer 15

the atlantic

Question 16

what is the celtiberians society like?

Answer 16

transhumant (seasonal movement of livestock) : pastoralists (system of extensive livestock production)

Question 17

are the celtiberians opposed to Carthage and Rome ?

Answer 17

yes, strongly

Question 18

what language did the celtiberian spoke?

Answer 18

an indoeuropean language

Question 19

what is the vascones/proto-basque origins?

Answer 19

still disputed, basque is not an indo-european language

Question 20

what are the three main theories of the vascones origins?

Answer 20

the native, the basque-iberism and the caucasian origin

Question 21

what is the native theory (mainstream) ?

Answer 21

a remnant population that trace their ancestry to neolithic hunter-gatherer groups: inconclusive

Question 22

what is the basque-iberism theory?

Answer 22

relationship between the basque language and society and the now lost iberian language:difficult to prove

Question 23

what is the caucasian theory?

Answer 23

similarities between the basque and the caucasian languages: unproven

Question 24

what is the carthaginian conquest?

Answer 24

originally phoenician colony, became the center of a mediterranean empire

Question 25

what led to the punic wars ?

Answer 25

fight with rome and the carthaginian for the control of the mediterranean sea

Question 26

did the iberian peninsula become a strategic region and source of silver?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

was carthage used as a base during the second punic war?

Answer 27

no, it was the iberian peninsula

Question 28

did carthage lose its control over the peninsula after the second punic war?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what did the carthaginian conquest brought?

Answer 29

the IP to the center of the conflit between the two superpowers of the Ancient world

Question 30

what did the carthaginian conquest contributed to ?

Answer 30

the unification of the territory and the death of some of the civilizations already present (iberos)

Question 31

what did the carthaginian defeat limited?

Answer 31

the influence of the Phoenician/carthaginian and eastern mediterranean culture in the IP

Question 32

what is the lady of elche?

Answer 32

most famous sculptures in the history of the IP

Question 33

what is the secret of the iron in Iberia ?

Answer 33

it was the central of the market: trading colonies

Question 34

what did the phoenicians and greeks brought?

Answer 34

a major change in the material culture of the indigenous societies

Question 35

what is the neolithic revolution?

Answer 35

mobile groups of humans gradually abandon their hunter-gatherer lifestyle