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Scribe America > Course 2 Pathophys Review Questions > Flashcards

Course 2 Pathophys Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What other past histories would suggest that a pt has CAD?

A

PMHx of Angina, MI, CABG, Cardiac stents, or Angioplasty

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2
Q

Does a PMHx a A-Fib or CHF, do they also have CAD?

A

No

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3
Q

Does a PMHx of CVA mean the pt has CAD?

A

No

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4
Q

Does a surgical history of angioplasty mean the pt has CAD

A

Yes

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5
Q

Explain the difference between CAD and MI.

A

MI is acute, CAD is chronic

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6
Q

If someone has a PMHx of A-fib or CHF, do they also have CAD?

A

No

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7
Q

What are the “cardiac risk factors?”

A

CAD, HTN, HLD, MD, Smoker, FHx of CAD

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8
Q

How is CAD diagnosed?

A

Cardiac Catheterization (Not in the ED)

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9
Q

Name two ways that an MI can be diagnosed?

A

EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (Non-STEMI)

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10
Q

What are some associated symptoms of an MI other than CP?

A

Diaphoresis, N/V and SOB

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11
Q

What are some associated symptoms of CHF?

A

SOB with pedal edema and orthopnea

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12
Q

What 2 studies would diagnose CHF

A

CXR or BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)

CHF Lab

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13
Q

What is A-Fib?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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14
Q

What might someone feel with A-Fib?

A

Palpitations (Fast, Pounding, Irregular)

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15
Q

How is an A-Fib diagnosed?

A

EKG (ECG)

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16
Q

What could the CC of someone with a PE?

A

SOB or Pleuritic chest pain (CP worse with deep breaths)

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17
Q

What are risk factors for a PE?

A

Known DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, Cancer, A-Fib, immobility (from traveling) , Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking.

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18
Q

What study would diagnose a PE

A

CTA Chest (CT with IV contrast) or VQ scan. D-Dimer aids in detecting lots but doesn’t dx a PE

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19
Q

What part of the heart does CAD affect; Arteries, Veins, or Nerves?

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Can a CT Chest without IV contrast diagnose a PE? Why or Why not?

A

No because you need to see where the blockage is.

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21
Q

What is a PTX?

A

Pneumothorax

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of PTX?

A

Trauma or a spontaneous small rupture of the lung

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23
Q

How is a PTX diagnosed?

A

CXR

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24
Q

What social history will most COPD patients also have?

A

Smoking

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25
Q

What is the difference between an inhaler and a nebulizer for asthma?

A

Hand device vs a machine

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26
Q

What is asthma?

A

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD) - constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular constriction of the bronchioles, known as a “bronchospasm”.

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27
Q

What physical exam finding closely associates with asthma?

A

Wheezes (Inspiratory or Expiratory)

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28
Q

What is PNA?

A

Pneumonia

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29
Q

What might a person with PNA complain of?

A

SOB or Productive cough (phlegm)

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30
Q

How is PNA diagnosed?

A

CXR

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31
Q

Name all 7 areas of the abdomen

A

Epigastrium, suprapubic, periumbilical, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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32
Q

What is the layman’s name for GERD

A

Acid Reflux

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33
Q

What might someone with GERD complain of?

A

Epigastric pain: Burning, Improved with antacids

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34
Q

For older pts with GERD symptoms, what life-threatening disease may also need to be ruled out?

A

Cardiac risk factors (MI, CAD)

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35
Q

What does bile do? Where is it stored?

A

Breaks down fat, stored in the gallbladder

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36
Q

What is the difference between Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis?

A

a gallstone vs inflammation of the gallbladder

37
Q

How are gallstones diagnosed?

A

abdominal US, RUQ

38
Q

Name associated symptoms of appendicitis (APPY)

A

Decreased appetite (anorexia), Fever, N/V

39
Q

How is appendicitis diagnosed?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

40
Q

What would someone with pancreatitis c/o?

A

LUQ, Epigastric pain

41
Q

How is a pancreatitis diagnosed?

A

Elevated Lipase ab test (or sometimes elevated Amylase)

42
Q

Name four possible CC’s for a GI bleed

A

Hematemesis, Coffee ground emesis, Hematochezia, Melena

43
Q

What are we worried about for someone with a GI bleed?

A

Can lead to anemia

44
Q

What is the pre-existing condition you must have before you can get diverticulitis?

A

Diverticulosis

45
Q

What will be the CC for someone diverticulitis?

A

LLQ pain

46
Q

What studies would diagnose diverticulitis?

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast

47
Q

What might a person with a SBO complain of?

A

Abdominal Pain, Vomiting

48
Q

How is SBO diagnosed?

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

Acute Abdominal Series (AAS)

49
Q

What is a UTI

A

Urinary Tract Infection

50
Q

What is pyelo?

A

Infection of the kidneys (Pyelonephritis)

51
Q

What will be the CC of someone with a UTI?

A

Dysuria

52
Q

Where would a person feel pain if they had pyelo?

A

Flank Pain

53
Q

How is a UTI diagnosed?

A

Urine Drip, urinalysis

54
Q

What is CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

56
Q

What might a person with kidney stones complain of?

A

Flank Pain: sudden onset, radiating to groin

57
Q

How are kidney stones diagnosed?

A

CT Abd/Pelvis

RBC in UA may be a clue

58
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Tubal Pregnancy- fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes.

59
Q

How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?

A

US Pelvis -> determine location of fetus

60
Q

What is ovarian torsion?

A

Twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary, possibly resulting in infarct of the ovary

61
Q

Name the 2 types of CVA’s

A 
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed)
62
Q

What Sx might a person with an ischemic CVA c/o?

A

Unilateral focal neurological deficits: One sided weakness/numbness or changes in speech/vision

VND (numb, weak, speech, vision)

63
Q

How is an ischemic CVA diagnosed?

A

Clinically, Potentially normal CT Head

64
Q

What is a common cause for seizures in children?

A

Febrile

65
Q

What is the name of the state after a seizure?

A

Post-Ictal

66
Q

What are 3 symptoms of meningitis?

A

Fever, Neck pain, neck stiffness, AMS

67
Q

What study would diagnose meningitis?

A

lumbar puncture

68
Q

What are 4 important things to document for syncopal episodes?

A

What happened prior, during, and after the syncopal episode, as well as how the patient currently feels

69
Q

Name 4 causes of altered mental status

A

Hypoglycemia, infection, intoxication, and neurological

70
Q

How is AMS different from a focal neuro deficit?

A

AMS is generalized and is typically caused by things that affect the whole brain. Focal neuro deficits are localized weakness/numbness in one specific area corresponding with damage at one specific site in the brain.

71
Q

What is a DVT

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

72
Q

What are the risk factors for a DVT

A

PMHx of DVT or PE, Recent Surgery, Cancer, immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, smoking, LE trauma, LE casts

73
Q

What are common signs of a DVT?

A

Extremity Pain and swelling, Calf Tenderness, Cords, Homan’s Sign

74
Q

What is an AAA

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

75
Q

What is an aortic dissection?

A

Separation of the muscular wall from the membrane of the artery, putting the patient at risk of aortic rupture and death

76
Q

What are 3 symptoms of cellulitis?

A

Erythema, Edema, Increased Warmth and Induration

77
Q

How is an abscess different from cellulitis?

A

Abscess have pus pockets

78
Q

What procedure will be performed for every abcess

A

Incision and drainage

79
Q

What is the main concern with an allergic reaction?

A

Anaphylaxis

80
Q

What are the only three symptoms of a true allergic reaction?

A

Swelling due to SOB, rash, itching.

81
Q

How can Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) be diagnosed?

A

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG or VBG) showing low pH(acidosis) or positive serum ketones

82
Q

What is a physicians main responsibility for psychiatric patients?

A

medical clearance; determining the patient is not medically ill

83
Q

Name 3 important things to document for any trauma patient.

A

LOC, HA, Neck Pain, Back Pain

84
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

85
Q

How does a TIA differ from a CVA

A

TIA regains neurological function

86
Q

What might be the CC of a person with gallstones?

A

RUQ Pain, Sharp, Worsened with Eating, Deep Breath, and Palpation

87
Q

What Sx might a person with a brain bleed complain of

A

Headache, Sudden Onset (Thunderclap, Worst of Life)

88
Q

What study would diagnose a brain bleed?

A

CT head or LP

89
Q

How is a GI bleed diagnosed in the ED?

A

Heme Positive Stool (Guaiac Positive), Gastroccult

Scribe America (5 decks)

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