Couples

Question 1

Parsons

Domestic Division of Labour

Answer 1

Instrumental- husband provider
Expressive- wife, nurturer

1955

Functionalist

Question 2

Bott

Domestic Division of Labour

Answer 2

Conjugal Roles
-Seggregated- seperate, clear divide
-Joint- share tasks, equal labour division

1957

Functionalist

Question 3

Young + Willmott

Domestic Division of Labour

Answer 3

Symmetrical Family
-March of progress view
-Roles are similar, work shared
-Reasons: Womens position, geographical mobility, technology, higher standards of living, nuclear family

1973

Functionalist

Question 4

Warde + Hetherignton

Domestic division of labour

Answer 4

Claims of work share exaggerated
-Sex typing remained strong
-Wives 30x more likely to have done washing
-men only participate in roles when female away

1993

Radical Feminist

Question 5

Duncombe and Marsden

Oakley (1974)- dual burden

Answer 5

Emotion Work- managing emotions and feeling of family (H)
Triple Shift- housework, paid work and emotion work

1995

Radical Feminist

Question 6

Crompton + Lyonette

Answer 6

-Cultural/ ideological- patriarchal norms and values determine gender roles

-Material/ economic- women generally earn less than men so its rational fo men to go to work and women head the house

2008

Question 7

Dunne

Evidence

Answer 7

Cultural Explanation
-Lesbian couples have more symmetrical relationships due to the absence of traditional heterosexual ‘gender scripts’

-37 Lesbian couples, found heterosexual couples
under pressure to conform to deeply ingrained patriarchal scripts

-However when one did more paid work hours spent doing domestic were unequal suggesting paid work still affects the DofL

1999

Question 8

Pahl + Vogler

Answer 8

Resources + decision making
-Allowance system- man retains surplus
-Pooling- men still hold power as in control

1993

Question 9

Barrett + McIntosh

Answer 9

Rsrcs + DM
-Men gain far more from womens unpaid labour than vice versa
-Strings attatched from financial support
-Male decision making

1991

Question 10

Edgell

Answer 10

Professional couples
-Very important decisions= finance, houses, cars
-Important decisions= education, holiday
-Less important decisions= decor, clothes, food
Lower importance = Lower male influence

1980

Question 11

Smart

Answer 11

Personal life Perspective
-Same sex couples give new meaning to money
-Gay men/ Lesbians attach no importance to money control as a sign of equality in relationships
Greater freedom = personal meanings met

2007

Question 12

Dobash + Dobash

Answer 12

Research in Scotland
-DV widespread, not randomly occuring
-Court records, interviews found violent incidents set off by challenge to husbands authority
Marriage legitimates violence

1997-2007

Question 13

Home office

Answer 13

Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abue between those 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality

2013

Question 14

Millet + Firestone

Answer 14

Radical Fem
-All societies founded on patriarchy, key societal divisions between women + men
-Within men dominate through DV, act as oppressors + exploiters
-Used to enforce male power, maintained by failure of institutions to provide safety + security (male state instition dominance)

1970

Question 15

Wilkinson + Pickett

Answer 15

Materialist explanation
-DV as a result of stress from material + economic inequality
-limited resources, overcrowded accomodation
-Job worries, Lack of money for support

2010

Question 16

Ansley

Answer 16

Marxist
-Takers of shit (women rather then men are victims)
-DV a product of capitalism, male workers exploited, take frustration out on wives

1972