Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Crime and Punishment > Countryside Crime > Flashcards

Countryside Crime Flashcards

1
Q

Webster, Introduction to Basque Legends, 1879

A

Basque language nothing in common with other European languages
‘naive good faith’
chance of finding legends in ‘purer and older form’
‘the Basque language calls a spade a spade’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

‘you don’t need to go to America to see savages’

A

Honore de Balzac (in Weber)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Different levels of development

A

San Marlot, Geneva line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Passing officer lamented that for peasants, France = taxes

A

Il-et-Vilaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proportion of communes with rural territory that had no garde champêtre in 1856

A

1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proportion of communes that spoke no French in 1863

A

1/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

France was still essentially a traditional peasant and artisan society (McPhee)

A

1880

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proportion of French living in rural communities 1831

A

81%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

land prices doubled

A

in the 30 years after 1815

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

land taxes rose 53%

A

1839-47

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peasants took the opportunity to ignore the criminal justice system

A

Revolutions of 1789, 1830, 1848

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bataille, Dramas of the Courtroom, Bellacoscia, the Last of the Bandits

A

45 years living in the wild and hiding from police after murdered notary/ mayor of Bocagnano, Marcaggi
‘troops sent, vainly on many occasions’
1865 authorities placed under lock and key about 100 inhabitants of Bocagnano, who were suspected of giving them due warning or sheltering them
When danger passed, they frequently came down to Bocagnano and took part in elections, acting as veritable masters of the countryside
January 1880, sentenced to death for 5th time
Corsica saw in him the last of the bandits, the end of days of romance
Acquitted by jury
Lives in retirement in Bocagnano in 1892 despite having been banned from there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Corbin, Village of Cannibals

A

Village of Hautefayre, August 16 1870
Villagers seized, tortured and killed de Monéys, a noble
Last outburst of peasant rage to result in murder
Republicans still identified with unpopular 45 cm tax imposed by the provincial government after the Revolution of 1848
People in district of Nontron recalled domination during ancien régime by nobles
de Monéys rumoured to have shouted ‘Vive la République’
Peasants ‘saw the noble, the curé and the republican as united in a common threat to themselves and the emperor’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Violent grain riot

A

Buzançais, 1847

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Several deaths of gendarmes during resistance to coup d’état

A

2 December 1851

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mob murder rue Haxo

A

in Paris, May 1871

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Number of communards perished at hands of Versailles forces

A

25 0000 - 100 000 (Merriman)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Resistance to Napoleonic conscription

A

Epic resistance in the Vendée, the Catholic and Royal Army led by Cathelineau, Stofflet, especially in the ‘great war’ of 1793-4 faceless ambushes of the Chaunnerie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Year rebellious hinterlands brought into line according to Broers

A

1810

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

La guerre des demoiselles

A

late 1820s/ early 1830s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

‘those who take wood from the forest are the most unfortunate who deserve pity

A

One Pyrenean, quoted by Emsley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What brought forest theft offending to an end?

A

General exodus from contested mountainous and forested regions (Emsley)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Band of vagabonds arrested at Haute-Loire fair with passports describing them as merchants, road maps and guides with the times and dates of fairs across the whole of France

A

October 1833

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

‘May God deliver us from all ill and from justice!’

A

People of Charente. Survived into 1930s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

People who called a certain bird sergent, after the baliff - sergent de justice - because it stole sardines from other, smaller birds

A

Breton fishermen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Legal costs of selling inheritance

A

up to 3/4 of estate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Proportion of accused criminals living in rural parishes in the 1840s

A

60% (Levasseur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Proportion of accused criminals living in urban areas 1880s

A

over 50% (Levasseur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Crimes against property more frequent

A

City

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Homicides more common

A

Countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Year in which there were 11 murders per million in countryside and 9.3 in towns

A

1880

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Destruction of crops increased fourfold

A

century before 1880

33
Q

crimes most typical of rural areas - hunting, fishing, poaching - fell steadily

A
  1. 5 per 100 000 population in 1854
  2. 2 in 1900
  3. 7 in 1912
  4. 3 in 1921
34
Q

Abortion/ infanticides common in countryside. Matter-of-fact attitude

A

Case of mum who helped daughter kill unwanted child, boil and feed 2 pigs

35
Q

Scavenging/ smuggling off shipwrecks

A

e.g. off Brittany’s rocky shores. Complemented economy of scarcity

36
Q

Power of magistrates weak and that of inertia almost invincible (where it comes to scavenging and smuggling off shipwrecks)

A

Prefect of Nantes, 1812

Such scavenging still to be found under July Monarchy

37
Q

Breton beggar bands in 1840

A

Still supposed to follow single leader, Coesre, and to meet annually on the Pré-a- Gueux

38
Q

Breton beggar bands in 1858

A

Driven out of Colpo but they set up quarters in other parts and only 20th Century saw an end to their organised crime

39
Q

1844 military reports

A

spoke of outlaws taking refuge in the wilds of Gévaudan

40
Q

Brigandage persisted longest

Gangs ruled the countryside

A

Corsica

41
Q

Had to use local game keeper as interpreter

A

Commissaire Flaubert, Pont-L’Abbé, 1846

42
Q

2nd Empire policing expansion

A

Police superintendents in rural areas

Increase in countryside-specialising gendarmerie

43
Q

Rise in quantity of reports from countryside-specialising gendarmerie

A

56 000 1840s

189 000 1880

44
Q

Result of increased police presence

A

Steep decline in activities of anachronistic criminals - highwaymen, brigand gangs, etc

Smuggling much hardier

45
Q

Basque clergy taught

A

indirect taxes are contrary to canonical and social justice, so smuggling isn’t a sin

46
Q

Military observers in the Pyrenees

A

Recognised that smuggling is their only resource, only trade

Gradually mountain men of the Pyrenees found new resources

47
Q

State monopoly of match production created new crime

A

making/ selling of contraband matches

48
Q

March 1866, Plogastel-Saint-Germain

A

Draft board met for annual drawing of lots for who would perform 7 years’ military service
Contingent of draft-age youths from Plozévet arrived
Brawl of over 300 ppl, using staves, stones
Youths from Plozévet wanted to march round cross - tradition to ensure good draft numbers
All other youths wished to stop them
In past, mayor had insisted on disarmament
This year, gendarmes rubbished his fears of trouble and villagers allowed to keep hold of cudgels that the Berton peasant rarely laid aside

49
Q

Endless brawls

A

Mountains of Auvergne

50
Q

Young servant girl at Elne

A

accused of stealing handkerchief worth one franc

vehement denials availed her of no more than suspended sentence

51
Q

Complained liberty more restricted now, in 1848, than b4 in ancien régime, as result of police intervention

A

Men of Tarascon

52
Q

Our populations hold the figure of the gendarme sacred

Yet same file shows gendarmes frequently attacked when interfered with local gambling, drinking, poaching, fairs, pilgrimages

A

Prefect of Châteulin, 1853

53
Q

Particularly inflammable because of incessant friction over forest rights

A

Ariège

54
Q

Disturbances resulting from Forest Code 1827

A

Burgundy and Dauphiné, Anjou, Gascony, Pyrenees

Trespass, pilfering, theft, acts of vengeance against guards

Forestry-related crimes only tapered off after 1850s

55
Q

Poor rose, cut down thousands of trees and the army/ national guard had to intervene

A

Gers, 1828

Cantal, 1839

56
Q

Rural populations imbued with the idea they have been despoiled of property rights held since time immemorial

A

Summer 1848, royal prosecutor, Toulouse, of the forest fires, raids to mutilate trees etc of the peasants

57
Q

Most common cases brought before courts of the Second Empire

A

Hunting

e.g. Bazas, 1856, 45 hunting violations vs 43 thefts

58
Q

Selection of new offences

A

Begging, drunkenness, gleaning, gathering wood, peddling without permit

59
Q

Crimes caused by conscription

A

failure to report, desertion, self-mutilation to escape the draft

60
Q

Modernisation creating crime

A

Use of traditional weights and measures became illegal

New hygienic regulations governing sale of drugs etc

New postage stamps - 1849 law making re-use of cancelled stamps a crime

61
Q

Example of how novelties became ordinary

A

New postage stamps

Civil court records of Sainte-Menehould list 18 offences for use of old postage stamps 1850s, 4 in 1860s, 4 in 1870s, 2 in 1880s, last in 1886

62
Q

Increase in offences due to increased readiness to lodge complaints

A

Châteaulin, num of offences for coups et blesseures almost tripled 1856-1906

More and more complaints by women about domestic violence

63
Q

Legal costs

A

as high as 30 francs, 15 days’ wage

More complaints because of bigger budgets as well as change of mores

64
Q

Sainte-Menehould court’s earliest judgement on abuse of young child

A

1900

65
Q

Cahiers of 1789

A

full of complaints about beggars

66
Q

poor gathered in thousands on a beach at Cesson, looking for shellfish, devoured raw

A

1814, priest’s account

67
Q

1848 agricultural survey

A

in Perche, begging as chronic as penury

Ppl used to it. Felt no shame about it

68
Q

Beggars crowded into cities because they had organised charity

A

e.g. Toulouse full of beggars through 1840s and 50s

Annuaire de la Haute-Garonne, 1848 - One couldn’t take a step without being assailed

69
Q

begging ancient tradition, part of subsistence pattern

A

in Ariège. Endured to the end of the Second Empire

70
Q

Beggars are real tyrants and many deliberately make themselves feared by their threats

A

Commissaire, Gers, 1876

71
Q

Number of beggars in 1905 according to Méline

A

400 000 beggars (over 1% of population)

Created feeling of insecurity that contributed to rural exodus, especially of bourgeoisie

72
Q

Beggars often menaced those who refused them alms

fences torn down, fields flooded

A

Court records

73
Q

Cantonal archives swelled with circulars and reports

A

beggars and vagabonds enter isolated houses and demand food and drink

74
Q

writer, 1894

A

Bresse and Savoy, houses crowded into hamlets, partly for fear of beggars

75
Q

Stats for arrests for vagrancy and begging

A

2500 in 1830

50 000 in 1899

76
Q

Economic crises less significant than disruptions of collective order

A

Durkheim, Suicide

77
Q

Cultural reasons for begging

A

Traditional tales and morality argued against turning away the stranger or the poor

Fear of supernatural retribution if beggar turned away

78
Q

Social function of beggar

A

Souvestre - ‘the beggar is also the bard, the news carrier and commercial traveller’. In Lower Brittany especially

79
Q

Beggars ashamed to beg

A

Vergougnans of Pyrénées-Orientales wore mask

Roussillon and Hérault, crisis of 1907 - local doctor saw new beggars wearing masks too

Crime and Punishment (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions