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SW Mental Health Approaches > Counselling and Theories > Flashcards

Counselling and Theories Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is biological therapy?
A

Biological therapy is a therapy that is based on the assumption that most mental disorders have physical causes

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2
Q
  1. What are the type of biological therapies and their function?
A
  1. Antipsychotic drugs
    Reduce symptoms of schizophrenia
    Can shorten acute schizophrenic episodes
  2. Antidepressant drugs
    Treat aggression, anxiety, phobias, and OCDs- monoamine oxidase MOI inhibitors
  3. Mood stabilizing drugs
    Lithium- for persons with bipolar disorder- monitor blood levels of person (too little have no effect , too much is toxic can be fatal.
    Depakote and Tegretol, (anti-seizure medication) have mood stabilizing effect
  4. Anti-anxiety drugs
    Tranquilizers and benzodiazepines- for treatment of mild anxiety- only for short term use – addictive
  5. Herbs and stimulants
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3
Q
  1. List three examples of anti-psychotics drugs
A
  1. Clozaril
  2. Haldol
  3. Seroquel
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4
Q
  1. List three anti-depressants drugs
A
  1. Paxil
  2. Luvox
  3. Zoloft
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5
Q
  1. List three mood stabilizer medication
A
  1. Depakote
  2. Topomax
  3. Lamactal
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6
Q
  1. List three anti-anxiety drugs
A
  1. Ativan
  2. Klonopin
  3. Valium
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7
Q
  1. List 5 typical side effects of biological therapies
A
  1. Weight gain
  2. Sexual side effects
  3. Toxic medication levels / risk of overdose
  4. Damage to Liver
  5. Addiction / Drug and alcohol interaction
  6. Dry Mouth
  7. Drowsiness
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8
Q
  1. What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?
A

A treatment in which an electric current is passed through the brain, causing a seizure; usually reserved for severely depressed patients who are either suicidal or unresponsive to other treatment

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9
Q
  1. Briefly explain the brain/neurotransmitters.
A
  1. Seratonin – affects sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression and mood.
  2. Dopamine – affects involuntary movement, learning, memory and emotion
  3. Acetylcholine – muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory and emotion
  4. Norepinephrine – increase heart rate and slow intestinal activity during stress, learning, memory, dreaming, waking from sleep and emotion
  5. GABA – functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
  6. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters are found in: Alzheimers, psychosis, anxiety and depression.
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10
Q
  1. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of biological therapies
A

Advantages:

  1. Safe and effective treatment for many disorders
  2. Become more sensitive to clients experiences of mental illness

Disadvantages:

  1. It’s important to note that drugs do not cure psychological disorders,
  2. patients usually experience a relapse if they stop taking the drugs when their symptoms lift
  3. Process of trial and error
  4. The unpleasant side effects
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11
Q
  1. What are the major counseling theories and methods?
A 
Crisis intervention
Solution-focused therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Psychosocial therapy
Psychoeducation
Family practice
Group work practice
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12
Q
  1. Briefly explain the Crisis Intervention
A

Define Crisis intervention:
Methods used to offer short term immediate help to individuals that experience an event that produces mental, physical, emotional and behavioral distress.

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13
Q
  1. What are the seven steps for successful intervention
A
  1. Act immediately
  2. Take control
  3. Listen
  4. Access the situation
  5. Decide how to handle the situation
  6. Make a referral if needed, and
  7. Follow up
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14
Q
  1. What is the process of crisis intervention?
A

Stage one: Forming the relationship and setting the stage for change

Stage two: Strategies

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15
Q
  1. Explain stage one of the process in crisis intervention.
A

Stage one: forming the relationship and setting the stage for change
Step One: entry
Step two: clarifying the presenting problem
Step three: contracting the helping relationship
Step four: in-depth exploration of crisis situation and reactions
Step five: discuss goals and objectives for treatment

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16
Q
  1. Explain stage two of the process in crisis intervention
A

Stage two: Strategies
Step 1: achieve mutual acceptance of defined goals and objectives
Step 2: plan strategies
Step 3: carry out strategies *including , but not limited to
Step 4: evaluate strategies
Step 5: terminate the intervention
Step 6: follow up with client

17
Q
  1. What is Solution-focused therapy?
A
  1. Shifts treatment away from a deficit-based orientation
  2. Not interested in past or problems.
  3. It is interested in goals and empowering client to find their own solutions to their problems by asking them questions.
  4. The core therapeutic task of solution-focused therapy is helping the client to imagine how things might be better and to identify what might be necessary to achieve that end.
18
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of Solution–Focused Therapy:
A
  1. Positive – focus on what the client can change
  2. Process – “How will you change what you are currently doing” What are some of your alternatives?”
  3. Present – focus is on now – what are they going to do today: “when you leave my office today – what will you be doing differently?
  4. Practical – “How attainable is your goal” - Focus on what is reachable.
  5. Being Specific – “what are the specific steps you are going to take to reach your goal?”
  6. Client Control – Therapist is facilitator not decision maker – “What will you be doing differently to make things better?
  7. Client’s Language – Use client’s own words and symbols
19
Q
  1. What are the techniques used in Solution focused therapy
A
  1. Pre-session change – SW asks questions about client coping and when exceptions occur in order to explore efforts that client has made independently and assess what might be helpful into the future.
  2. Exceptions – SW explores with client times in their lives that have been an exception to their current problems.
    Draws on strengths, provides a clearer vision for future goals, instills hope.
  3. Coping – SW challenges client’s beliefs that change is impossible while looking for any small positive changes that may already be occurring.
    Shifts focus away from problem and toward solutions
  4. Scaling –Questions that involve scaling can be used to clarify and specify treatment goals. It can show progress client is making.
  5. The Miracle Question – the practitioner asks client’s to put aside their current problems and identify what the client’s life would be like if their problem was resolved. It assists client in imagining life without the problem and start identifying their own solutions to their problems.
20
Q
  1. What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
A

Focuses on Thoughts and Behaviors:

  1. Techniques of used in cognitive –behavioral therapy are designed to shift information processing to a more functional position and modify faulty beliefs.
  2. Focuses on client’s misinterpretations and provides a mechanism for testing them, exploring their logical basis and then correcting them.
21
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of CBT?
A
  1. Highly structured – short term with ultimate goal of helping client replace his or her maladaptive beliefs with more accurate ones.
  2. Collaborative Empiricism – client is practical scientist
22
Q
  1. What are the techniques used in CBT?
A
  1. Socratic Dialogue – SW opens up therapeutic dialogue with questions such as:
    “What problem brings you here?”
    “What sort of things makes it better or worse?”
  2. Guided discovery – uncovering thread or patterns running through the client’s present misperceptions and beliefs and then linking them to similar past experiences.
    SW assigned homework to help client to uncover or examine their thoughts and subsequently change their behavior.
23
Q
  1. What is psychosocial therapy?
A
  1. Focus: treat clients in relation to their social environment
  2. SW respond to problems as a result of imbalances between a client and his/her environment
24
Q
  1. What are the major principles of Psychosocial therapy?
A
  1. Helping clients feel less isolated and overwhelmed:
    - Sustainment- verbal and non verbal communication
    - Direct influence- SW offer suggestions/advice to client/family
    - Exploration, description, ventilation- client express feelings and talk about problems
  2. Help increase clients awareness of maladaptive irrational behaviors
    - Person-situation reflection- help client look at issues that concerns others
    - Pattern dynamic reflection- help client to identify patterns of thinking/feeling
    - Developmental reflection- assist clients to reflect on early life and family of origin experiences
25
Q
  1. What is Psycho education?
A
  1. Interventions conducted for the purpose of educating and providing support to clients and families
  2. Methods: a combination of family therapy of group work methods
  3. Focus: individual with mental illness and family member
26
Q
  1. What are some of the topics covered in psycho-education?
A

Topics

  1. Signs and symptoms of mental illness
  2. Medication and importance of adherence
  3. Impact of mental illness
  4. Coping
  5. stigma
  6. Relapse prevention
27
Q
  1. Family practice
A
  1. Most psychiatric disorders affect the individual and family
  2. Family included as part of treatment
28
Q
  1. What are the practice principles of Family practice/therapy
A
  1. Reframing or relabeling- redefining problems in a positive way
  2. Questioning- thinking and examining family dynamics
  3. Examining interactional sequences- help families becoming aware of family interaction patterns
  4. Providing directives- homework assignments after the family therapy session
  5. Respecting physical cues- nonverbal communications of family members
29
Q
  1. What is group therapy
A
  1. Focus of group work with mentally ill:
    - Issues in relationships
    - Day-to-day challenges
    - Social functioning
    - Problems coping with mental health symptoms
  2. Tasks when facilitating groups
    - Ensure member involvement & interaction
    - Set the tone for the group & model preferred behavior
    - Confront unproductive behavior
    - Appropriate opening and closing of group sessions

SW Mental Health Approaches (15 decks)

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