Counseling Midterm Flashcards
How does psychologically informed practice differ from biomedical practice?
biomedical: addresses physical impairments based on biomedical concepts to reduce symtpoms
psychologically: incorporates PT beliefs, attitudes, & emotional responses into PT management based on biopsychosocial models to prevent secondary disability
Be able to identify informational vs. personal adjustment counseling
Name several cultural elements that are difficult to see (cultural iceberg example)
Beliefs and Values – Deeply held ideas about what is important, right, and wrong.
Attitudes toward authority – Cultural perspectives on how people in power are treated or respected.
Role of family and community – Expectations around family roles, obligations, and community ties.
How would the difficult-to-see elements affect audiologist-patient interaction?
Beliefs and Values: Patients may have cultural beliefs about health, disabilities, or medical interventions that affect their attitude toward hearing aids, cochlear implants, or therapy recommendations. For example, some cultures may view hearing loss as a normal part of aging and may resist treatment.
Attitudes toward Authority: Some patients may defer completely to the audiologist’s recommendations, while others may be more skeptical or seek second opinions based on how they culturally view authority figures in healthcare.
Role of Family and Community: Some patients might involve family members in every step of the healthcare process, including diagnosis and treatment. Audiologists may need to engage family members more directly to facilitate decisions and ensure follow-through with treatment.
Define cultural humility. Why is this important?
a lifelong process of self-reflection and learning that aims to improve how people of different cultures are treated and understood but one starts with an examination of one’s own beliefs and cultural identities
race, ethnicity, gender, religion, beliefs, language, sexual preference, socioeconomic status, geographic location, ability/disability, age/generation, among others. It is important because it helps mitigate the unconscious biases that can negatively impact our daily interactions and
helps providers build trust with patients and improve health outcomes
What is the difference between professional counseling and nonprofessional counseling?
What is within the boundaries of the audiologist’s area of expertise and what is outside of those boundaries, and would warrant a referral for professional counseling?
For audiology-related concerns, when should you refer a patient for professional counseling?
Unremitting parental guilt over child’s hearing loss
Persistent intolerance of residual communication needs (parents or spouses)
Parent/spouse becomes emotionally withdrawn from patient with hearing loss
Parents/spouses have unrealistically high expectations
What are the goals of personal adjustment counseling?
Help patients and families make the practical changes in their lives that will help them develop:
A more positive adjustment to their own conditions and disabilities
A more positive embracing of the technologies available to them
A more positive acceptance of the residual communication difficulties they may still experience
What are some important considerations when recommending professional counseling?
Important to be familiar with local resources
Refer to mental health professionals who are familiar with hearing impairment.
Educate local professionals as needed
Psychologists in school programs for children with hearing loss are often a good resource
Additional suggestions
Places with multiple providers are a good option
AARC (Adult & Adolescent Recover Counseling) in Mesa
People who specialize in grief and depression
People who do CBD for pain management (esp. for tinnitus referral)
What are the 4 core counseling microskills? What are examples of each?
active listening - nodding head, eye contact, restating and summarizing
nonverbal communication - facial expressions, eye contact, physical gestures
silence - sets a gentle pace, can be used to organize thoughts
empathy - understanding or seeking to understand the experience of another
What is the difference between empathy and sympathy? (not emotional dimension but how you are regarding the patient having emotions)
Empathy involves feeling with the patient. It is the ability to understand and share the patient’s feelings, seeing the situation from their perspective. When you are empathetic, you validate their emotions, creating a sense of connection, and acknowledge their experience without necessarily offering a solution. You might say something like, “I can imagine how overwhelming this must feel.”
Sympathy, on the other hand, is more about feeling for the patient. You recognize their emotional experience, but you remain more detached, acknowledging their situation without deeply engaging with their feelings. Sympathy may come across as more distant, and while it expresses concern, it doesn’t foster the same level of emotional connection. A typical sympathetic response might be, “I’m sorry you’re going through this.”
What are the three different question types as discussed in class?
Why is it important to address underlying emotions for questions that might appear to be asking for information?
What is the goal of motivational interviewing?
With regards to the topic of social style, review the dimensions that give the 4 quadrants (pace/assertiveness and people-focused/emotive and task-focused/controls emotions). Recall that the reason the terms are different is because there are different models for this. Review the table below and be able to ask questions about how one might need to make adjustments when working with someone of a different social style.
