Cough Flashcards
1
Q
Chronic Cough
A
- Cough lasting longer than 8 weeks
- Not an infection
2
Q
Acute cough
A
- Lasting less than 8 weeks
- Usually self limiting
- Usually due to acute infection of post-infection
3
Q
Paroxysm
A
- Spell/sudden onset of rapid succession cough
- Progressively decreased lung volumes
- Can lead to emesis
4
Q
Post-tussive emesis
A
- severe cough causing vomiting
- associated w/ pertussis
5
Q
Post nasal drip
A
- PND
- Oozing of secretions down nasopharynx
- Due to nasal/sinus inflammation
6
Q
Upper Airway Cough Syndrome
A
- UACS
- Same and PND
7
Q
Gastro esophageal reflux disease
A
- GERD
- Gastric contents reflux into esophagus
- Cause cough w/ or w/o aspiration into lungs
- Heartburn, indigestion, vocal cord erythema
8
Q
Eosinophilic Bronchitis
A
- Eosinophils infiltrate airways causing cough
- Detect eosinophils in sputum
- Tx w/ steroids
9
Q
Anatomy behind a cough
A
- Irritate cough receptors
- Transmit to afferent nerves of medullary cough center
- Nucleus tractus soliarius
- Efferent nerves connect cough center to expiratory respiratory muscles and cause the cough
- Receptors are located in the larynx, trachea, ear canal, bronchi, pleura, stomach, nose, sinus, pharynx, pericordium, and diaphragm
10
Q
Physiology of a Cough
A
- Inspiratory phase: deep inspiration to high lung volume
- Straighten and lengthen airways
- Compressive phase: expiratory muscles contract against glottis
- High intrathoracic pressure
- Expiratory phase: glottis opens & rapid release of air
- Diaphragm relaxes to transmit abdominal pressure
- Airway narrows to increase high flow rates
- Pushes foreign material and mucus forward
- Vibrations loosens adherent mucus
11
Q
Cough Causes: irritants
A
- Smoking
- occupational exposure
12
Q
Cough causes: infection
A
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Pertussis
- Post-infections
13
Q
Cough causes: Lung disease
A
- Airway disease: COPD, asthma, PND, vocal cord dysfunction
- Parenchymal disease: Interstitial lung disease/Fibrosis
14
Q
Cough cause: Cardiovascular
A
- HF
- Pulmonary infarct
- aortic aneurysm
15
Q
Cough Causes: Tumors
A
- Bronchogenic
- Meatastatic
- Benign and malignant masses in the airway