Costal Landscapes

Question 1

What features are found on a concordant coastline?

Answer 1

There are both discordant and concordant coastline. The discordant coastline has been formed into Studland bay

Question 2

What is the rock type like on a discordant coast?

Answer 2

The discordant coastline has been formed into Studland Bay

Question 3

What features are found on a discordant coast?

Answer 3

Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast

Question 4

What is an example of both?

Answer 4

A concordant coastline has the same type of rock along its length. Concordant coastlines tend to have fewer bays and headlands.

Question 5

What are joints and faults? How do they affect erosion?

Answer 5

Joints and faults are types of fractures. A joint is a fracture along which no movement has taken place

Question 6

What is the difference between soft and hard rock?

Answer 6

The bands of soft rock, such as sand and clay, erode more quickly than those of more resistant rock

Question 7

Describe what are the characteristics of headlands and bays?

Answer 7

Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock.

Question 8

Explain are headlands and bays formed?

Answer 8

The areas where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland, are called bays.

Question 9

Describe what are the characteristics of a wave cut platform?

Answer 9

One of the most common features of a coastline is a cliff. Soft rock, eg sand and clay, erodes easily to create gently sloping cliffs

Question 10

What are the characteristics of arch/stack/stump?

Answer 10

When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack (a tall column of rock) on the other. The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed.

Question 11

What three factors affect wave energy?

Answer 11

First, the wind speed must be blowing faster than the transfer of energy from wave crest to wave crest. The second factor is the amount of time the wind blows, or wind duration.

Question 12

Where in the uk has the biggest waves? Why?

Answer 12

Newquay, north Cornwall

Because the wind

Question 13

Describe what are the characteristics of an destructive wave?

Answer 13

They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches. They have a swash that is stronger than the backwash.

Question 14

Explain how rotational slumping mass movement break down the cliff?

Answer 14

Different mass movements occur on slopes under different conditions. We’ll look at four types; rockfall, mudflow, landslip and soil creep.

Question 15

Explain how do rockfalls break down the cliff?

Answer 15

Because the waves, the weathering.

Question 16

Abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition,solution.

Answer 16

-The process of scraping or wearing something away.
-Hydraulic action is the erosion that occurs when the motion of water against a rock surface produces mechanical weathering.
-The process of reducing something’s strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
-

Question 17

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution.

Answer 17

Solution - minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution. … Suspension - fine light material is carried along in the water. Saltation - small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed. Traction - large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed.

Question 18

Explain how long short drift works?

Answer 18

Waves that hit the beach at an angle carry sand and gravel up the beach face at an angle. When the water washes back the sediment is carried straight back down the beach face.

Question 19

Explain how a spit forms?

Answer 19

A spit is an extended stretch of beach material that projects out to sea and is joined to the mainland at one end.

Question 20

Describe what are the characteristics of a spit?

Answer 20

A spit is a stretch of sand or shingle extending from the mainland out to sea. They develop where there is a sudden change in the shape of the coastline such as at a headland.

Question 21

Explain how beaches form?

Answer 21

Beaches are made up of eroded material that has been transported from elsewhere and deposited by the sea. Constructive waves help to build up beaches.

Question 22

Compare the characteristics of a spit to a bar?

Answer 22

Both of these landforms are the result of longshore drift and deposition of material by the sea so there is a definite similarity in the processes of their formation and development. Spits and bars are long, narrow accumulations of sand and/or shingle.

Question 23

What tips of rocks are in a concordant line?

Answer 23

concordant, longitudinal, or Pacific type coastline occurs where beds, or layers, of differing rock types are folded into ridges that run parallel to the coast.

Question 24

Explain how rockfalls break down a cliff

Answer 24

Erosion is the movement of the broken pieces away from the site of weathering. For example, a basalt cliff may be weathered by freeze-thaw, a type of physical weathering. This means that pieces of the cliff may break away.

Question 25

Describe the characteristics of destructive wave

Answer 25

Constructive waves. They are created in calm weather and are less powerful than destructive waves.