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Physical Geography > Cossts > Flashcards

Cossts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the Holderness Coast?

A

East Yorkshire, UK, 61 km coastline

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2
Q

What type of geology is found at the Holderness Coast?

A

Soft boulder clay (rapid erosion) and resistant chalk (Flamborough Head)

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3
Q

What is the erosion rate at the Holderness Coast?

A

Up to 2m/year; fastest eroding coastline in Europe

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4
Q

What are the main landforms created by erosion at the Holderness Coast?

A

Flamborough Head (stacks, arches)

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5
Q

Which landform represents deposition at the Holderness Coast?

A

Spurn Point (spit)

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6
Q

What management strategies have been implemented at Mappleton?

A

£2 million groynes and rock armour

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7
Q

What type of coastal management exists in Hornsea?

A

Seawall, groynes

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8
Q

What management strategy has been taken at Spurn Point?

A

Abandoned to natural processes

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9
Q

What issue arises from coastal management in Holderness?

A

Increased erosion downstream of defences

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10
Q

What is the location of the Dorset Coast?

A

South coast of England, ~95 miles from East Devon to Dorset

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11
Q

What types of coastlines are found at the Dorset Coast?

A

Concordant (e.g., Lulworth Cove) and discordant coastlines (e.g., Swanage Bay)

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12
Q

What are the erosional landforms at the Dorset Coast?

A

Durdle Door (arch), Old Harry Rocks (stack/stump)

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13
Q

What is a significant depositional landform at the Dorset Coast?

A

Chesil Beach (tombolo)

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14
Q

What processes are involved in coastal changes at the Dorset Coast?

A

Erosion (hydraulic action, abrasion) and longshore drift

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15
Q

What management strategies are used in Swanage?

A

Sea wall, groynes, beach nourishment

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16
Q

Why is the Dorset Coast significant?

A

UNESCO World Heritage Site

17
Q

Where is Kiribati located?

A

Pacific Ocean, 33 low-lying coral atolls

18
Q

What is the threat faced by Kiribati?

A

Rising sea levels (3.2 mm/year) due to climate change

19
Q

What are the impacts of rising sea levels in Kiribati?

A

Land inundation; freshwater contamination by saltwater intrusion

20
Q

What potential future issue does Kiribati face?

A

Potential displacement of entire population (climate refugees)

21
Q

What adaptation measures has the Kiribati government taken?

A

Purchased land in Fiji for future relocation

22
Q

What coastal protection measures are being implemented in Kiribati?

A

Building sea walls and mangrove planting

23
Q

What is the location of the Sundarbans?

A

Delta region at the Bay of Bengal; world’s largest mangrove forest

24
Q

What hazards does the Sundarbans face?

A

Coastal erosion, cyclones, flooding, sea level rise

25
Q

What ecosystem services does the Sundarbans provide?

A

Natural protection against storm surges and flooding; biodiversity hotspot (tigers, crocodiles)

26
Q

What challenges does the Sundarbans face?

A

Deforestation and human encroachment; rising sea levels threaten mangrove survival

27
Q

What management strategies are in place for the Sundarbans?

A

Mangrove afforestation programs; sustainable development projects and ecotourism

28
Q

What are examples of hard engineering on the UK coastline?

A

Groynes and seawalls at Hornsea and Mappleton

29
Q

What coastal management scheme exists in Lyme Regis?

A

Multi-phase coastal management scheme: sea walls, rock armour, beach nourishment

30
Q

What does the Lyme Regis management scheme protect against?

A

Protects town from landslides and erosion

31
Q

What is an advantage of hard engineering?

A

Immediate protection of infrastructure and property

32
Q

What is a disadvantage of hard engineering?

A

Expensive, can increase erosion elsewhere (e.g., Holderness)

Physical Geography (4 decks)

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