Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2nd year, 2nd Sem > COSC65 | Midterms > Flashcards

COSC65 | Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

it refers to those attributes of the system that are visible to the software programmer and have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program

A

computer architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 main categories that are considered while considering the design of architecture

A

system design
instruction set architecture
micro architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

it contains hardware components that are used for building the system

A

system design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

it includes all the instructions provided to the computer system

A

instruction set architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

it gives minute detail about storage element

A

micro architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

it refers to the way the various components of a computer system are interconnected and work together to perform tasks and execute programs

A

computer organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

it encompasses the design and arrangement of hardware components, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and control units, to ensure efficient and effective operation of the computer

A

computer organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

it is made up of various elements which help in its effective functioning and processing

A

computer device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are five basic components of the computer which help in making this processing of data easier and convenient

A

input unit
output unit
memory unit
control unit
arithmetical and logical unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

they are the primary elements which make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster

A

components of a computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a computer will only respond when a command is given to the device

A

input unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us a result called

A

output (output unit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

memory unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

it transmits the data further to the other parts of the CPU

A

memory unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

this is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device

A

control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

it is one of the most essential components of the computer system

A

control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

all the mathematical calculations or arithmetic operations are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical Unit of the CPU

A

arithmetical and logical unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

it can also perform actions like a comparison of data and decision-making actions

A

arithmetical and logical unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

it comprises circuits using which addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other numerical based calculations can be performed

A

arithmetical and logical unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

it is part of the abstract model of a computer that defines how the CPU is controlled by the software

A

instruction set architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

it acts as an interface between the hardware and the software, specifying both what the processor is capable of doing as well as how it gets done

A

instruction set architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it encompasses all the information necessary for programmers to write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instruction, register, memory access, I/O devices, etc.

A

instruction set architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

it allows computer designer to talk about the functions independently from the hardware that perform them

A

instruction set architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the meaning of ISA

A

instruction set architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the meaning of RISC Processor

A

reduced instruction set computer processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

it is a microprocessor architecture with a simple collection and highly customized set of instructions

A

reduced instruction set computer processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

it is built to minimize the instruction execution time by optimizing and limiting the number of instructions.

A

reduced instruction set computer processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

it means each instruction cycle requires only one clock cycle, and each cycle contains three parameters: fetch, decode and execute

A

reduced instruction set computer processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

it is also used to perform various complex instructions by combining them into simpler ones

A

reduced instruction set computer processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

it require several transistors, making it cheaper to design and reduce the execution time for instruction

A

reduced instruction set computer chips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the three parameters in RISC Processor

A

fetch, decode, and execute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does CISC processor means

A

complex instruction set computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

who developed the CISC Processor?

A

the Intel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

it has a large collection of complex instructions that range from simple to very complex and specialized in the assembly language level, which takes a long time to execute the instructions

A

complex instruction set computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

it approaches reducing the number of instruction on each program and ignoring the number of cycles per instruction

A

complex instruction set computer

36
Q

it emphasizes to build complex instructions directly in the hardware because the hardware is always faster than software

A

complex instruction set computer

37
Q

they are relatively slower as compared to RISC chips but use little instruction than RISC

A

complex instruction set computer

38
Q

what are the external memory/secondary memory?

A

Solid State Drive (SSD)
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
USB Flash Drive
External Hard Drive
Memory Card

39
Q

what are the internal memory/primary memory?

A

Non-volatile Memory (ROM)
Cache Memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Registers
Memory Controllers

40
Q

type of registers

A

Program Counter (PC)
Instruction Register (IR)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Accumulator (ACC)

41
Q

they are tiny, lightning-fast memory units inside the CPU

A

registers

42
Q

they store data temporarily during processing, making instructions run smoothly and managing data efficiently within the CPU

A

registers

43
Q

it keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed

A

program counter (PC)

44
Q

it holds the currently fetched instruction being executed by the CPU

A

instruction register (IR)

45
Q

it stores the memory address that is to be accessed for reading or writing data

A

memory address register (MAR)

46
Q

it holds the data retrieved from memory or the data to be written to memory

A

memory data register (MDR)

47
Q

it stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations performed by the CPU

A

accumulator (ACC)

48
Q

two types of memory hierarchy

A

internal memory/primary memory
external memory/secondary memory

49
Q

it is a super-fast memory that stores frequently used data
from main memory

A

cache memory

50
Q

it is located close to the CPU and helps reduce the time it takes to access data from main memory

A

cache memory

51
Q

it makes your computer run faster by keeping important data close at hand

A

cache memory

52
Q

it maps each block of main memory into only one possible cache line

A

direct mapping

53
Q

it is used to store the content and addresses of the memory word

A

associative memory (associative mappin)

54
Q

this form of mapping is an enhanced form of direct mapping where the drawbacks of direct mapping are removed

A

set-associative mapping

55
Q

types of cache mapping

A

direct mapping
associative mapping
set-associative mapping

56
Q

it is a crucial part of modern computers that stores programs and information for the processor to use

A

RAM

57
Q

it is fast and works closely with the CPU and I/O devices, allowing for quick data transfer

A

main memory

58
Q

it is volatile and loses data during power interruptions

A

main memory

59
Q

types of main memory

A

static RAM
dynamic RAM

60
Q

it is a small but extremely fast type of memory that
stores frequently accessed data

A

static ram

61
Q

it is also used in microcontrollers, where low power consumption and high speed are critical.

A

static ram

62
Q

it is used as the main memory in most computers and
mobile devices because of its high density and lower cost per bit

A

dynamic ram

63
Q

secondary storage includes

A

hard disk drives (HDD) and solid state drives (SSD)

64
Q

it is a type of non-volatile memory that has a much larger storage capacity than main memory

A

secondary storage

65
Q

this type of memory is used to store data and instructions that are not currently being used by the CPU

A

secondary storage

66
Q

compared to other types of memory in the memory hierarchy, it has the slowest access time, meaning it takes longer for the CPU to retrieve data from it

A

secondary storage

67
Q

it is typically less expensive than other types of memory

A

secondary storage

68
Q

it is a way of organizing computer memory in a hierarchical manner, with different levels of memory having varying levels of speed, capacity, and cost

A

memory hierarchy

69
Q

it is a technique that allows a processor to execute multiple instructions at the same time, by breaking them down into smaller steps

A

pipelining

70
Q

it increases the throughput, or the number of instructions completed per unit of time, of the processor

A

pipelining

71
Q

different parts of the instruction in pipelining

A

fetching, decoding, executing, and writing back

72
Q

the stages of pipelining are connected by these, which store the intermediate results of each instruction

A

registers

73
Q

at this stage, the CPU reads instructions from the memory address whose value is present in the program counter

A

instruction fetch (stage 1)

74
Q

at this stage, the instruction is decoded, and the register file is accessed to get the values from the registers used in the instruction.

A

instruction decode (stage 2)

75
Q

at this stage, ALU operations are performed

A

instruction execute (stage 3)

76
Q

in this stage, memory operands are read from and written to the memory present in the instruction.

A

memory access (stage 4)

77
Q

in this stage, the computed or fetched value is written back to the register present in the instructions.

A

write back (stage 5)

78
Q

it represents the stages in which an instruction is moved through the various segments of the processor, starting from fetching and then buffering, decoding, and executing

A

instruction pipeline

79
Q

it represents the parts of an arithmetic operation that can be broken down and overlapped as they are performed

A

arithmetic pipeline

80
Q

it occurs when an instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction that has not yet completed

A

dependency problem

81
Q

it can cause a stall or a delay in the pipeline, which reduces the efficiency

A

dependency problem

82
Q

it occurs when the processor has to make a decision based on a condition, such as an if statement

A

branch problem

83
Q

it can cause a mispredictions or guesses of the next instruction, which can lead to a stall or a waste of resources

A

branch problem

84
Q

advantages of RISC

A
  • simple and limited number of the instruction set
  • requires several transistors
  • use free space on a microprocessor
  • simple and quick design | one clock cycle
85
Q

disadvantages of RISC

A
  • performance may vary according to the code
    executed
  • programmers and compilers often use complex instructions
  • RISC processors require very fast memory to save various instructions
86
Q

advantages of CISC

A
  • perform complex instruction
  • require fewer instruction to execute
  • greater hardware support for complex instruction
87
Q

disadvantages of CISC

A
  • slower processing time
  • increased costs

2nd year, 2nd Sem (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions