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Cortical Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Occipital lobe

A

Processes visual information

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2
Q

Function of Temporal Lobe

A

Emotions
Auditory function
Memories

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3
Q

Function of Limbic Lobe

A 
Reward
Emotion
Learning
Memory
Motivation
(RELMM)
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4
Q

What forms the Limbic Lobe (4 parts)?

A

Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
Mamillary body

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5
Q

Function of Frontal Lobe

A 
Cognitive function
Attention
Language
Memory
Motor function
(CALMM)
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6
Q

Function of Parietal Lobe

A 
Sensation - touch and pain
Sensory aspect of language
Spatial orientation
Self-perception
(SSSS)
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7
Q

Function of Insular Cortex

A 
Visceral sensation
Auditory processing
Interoception
Autonomic control
Visual-vestibular integration
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8
Q

Where is the insular cortex?

A

Deep to the lateral fissure

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9
Q

Function of White Matter Tracts

A

Connect cortical areas

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of white matter tracts?

A

Association fibres
Commissural fibres
Projection fibres

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11
Q

Function of Association fibres

A

Connect areas within the same hemisphere

intrahemispheric

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12
Q

Function of Commissural fibres

A

Connect homologous structures in the left and right hemispheres
(interhemispheric)

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13
Q

Function of Projection fibres

A

Connect cortex with lower brain structures
(e.g. thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord)
afferent - towards cortex
efferent - away from cortex

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14
Q

Types of Association fibres

A

Short fibres

Long fibres

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15
Q

What is the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects frontal and occipital lobes

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16
Q

What is the Arcuate Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects frontal and temporal lobes

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17
Q

What is the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects temporal and occipital lobes

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18
Q

What is the Uncinate Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects the anterior frontal and temporal lobes

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19
Q

Examples of Commissural fibres

A

Corpus Callosum

Anterior Commissure

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20
Q

What is the name given to projection fibres that radiate deeper to the cortex?

A

Corona Radiata

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21
Q

Characteristics of the primary cortices

A

Predictable function
Symmetry between left and right
Organised topographically

22
Q

Characteristics of the secondary cortices

A

Function is less predictable
Not organised topographically
Weak/absent symmetry

23
Q

Function of the Primary Motor Cortex

A

Controls fine, discrete, precise voluntary movements

Provides descending signals to execute movements

24
Q

Function of the Supplementary Area

A

Involved in planning complex movements

e.g. internally cued

25
Q

Function of the Premotor Area

A

Involved in planning complex movements

e.g externally cued

26
Q

Function of Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Processes somatic sensations arising from receptors in the body
(e.g. fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception, pain, temperature)

27
Q

Function of Somatosensory Association Cortex

A

Interpret significance of sensory information
Awareness of self and awareness of personal space
(e.g. recognising an object placed in the hand)

28
Q

Where are the Premotor area, Supplementary area, Primary Motor Cortex located?

A

Frontal Lobe

29
Q

Where is the Primary Somatosensory area and Somatosensory association cortex located?

A

Parietal Lobe

30
Q

Where are the Primary Visual Cortex and Visual Association Cortex located?

A

Occipital Lobe

31
Q

Function of the Primary Visual Cortex

A

Processes visual stimulation

32
Q

Function of the Visual Association cortex

A

Gives meaning and interpretation of auditory input

33
Q

Where are the Primary Auditory Cortex and the Auditory Association located?

A

Temporal Lobe

34
Q

Function of Broca’s area

A

Production of language

35
Q

Function of Wernickes area

A

Understanding of language

36
Q

Function of Prefrontal cortex

A 
Decision making
Attention
Planning
Adjusting social behaviour
Personality expression
(DAPAP)
37
Q

What happens as a result of a frontal lobe lesion?

A

Changes in personality
Inappropriate behaviour
(Phineas Gage)

38
Q

What happens as a result of a parietal lobe lesion?

A

Contralateral neglect
Lack of awareness of self on contralateral side
Lack of awareness of extrapersonal space on contralateral side

39
Q

What happens as a result of a temporal lobe lesion?

A

Agnosia - inability to recognise

Patient HM

40
Q

What happens as a result of a lesion to Broca’s area?

A

Expressive aphasia - poor production of speech, but comprehension is intact

41
Q

What happens as a result of a lesion to Wernicke’s area?

A

Receptive aphasia - poor comprehension of speech, production is fine

42
Q

What happens as a result of a primary visual cortex lesion?

A

Blindness in the corresponding part of the visual field

43
Q

What happens as a result of a lesion to the visual association area?

A

Deficits in interpretation of visual information

Prosopagnosia - face blindness

44
Q

What does electroencephalography measure?

A

electrical signals produced by the brain

45
Q

What does magnetoencephalography measure?

A

magnetic signals produced by the brain

46
Q

What doe PET stand for?

A

Positron emission tomography

47
Q

What does PET measure?

A

blood flow directly to a brain region

48
Q

What does functional magnetic resonance imaging measure?

A

Amount of blood oxygen in a brain region

49
Q

What is transcranial direct current stimulation?

A

Uses low direct current over the scalp to increase or decrease neuronal firing rates

50
Q

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation?

A

Uses electromagnetic induction to stimulate neurons and assess the functional integrity of neural circuits

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