Cortical development

Question 1

Function of V2

Answer 1

Binocularity

Question 2

Causes of amblyopia

Answer 2

Deprivational, strabismic, refractional

Question 3

What would a cortical dominance graph look like if alternating tropia?

Answer 3

1 and 7 large, in between empty because not binocular

Question 4

What’s activated when looking at a checkerboard

Answer 4

LGN and Cortex

Question 5

V4 general purposes (2)

Answer 5

Color and face recognition

Question 6

Connections that V2 makes and describe

Answer 6

V1: Thick stripe
V3: Thick pale stripe interblobs
V4: Thin stripe to color blobs
V5: Not specified (Thick stripe?)

Question 7

True or false: V3 also utilizes parvo cells

Answer 7

True! Foveate on oncoming objects

Question 8

Where does face recognition occur?

Answer 8

V4 at the fusiform (face) gyrus

Question 9

Problems that can arise from damage to V4

Answer 9

Prosopagnosia, Achromatopsia (Still 20/20 vision)

Question 10

With V4 you get binocular rivalry. With colored dots, you just get luster whereas with a picture overlaid with words (like the chimp) you get confusion

Answer 10

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Question 11

Where does parvo end?

Answer 11

V4

Question 12

Where does magno end?

Answer 12

V5

Question 13

Purpose of V1

Answer 13

Edge detector

Question 14

What happens with damage to V5?

Answer 14

Akinetopsia

Question 15

Where is biological motion seen

Answer 15

Anterior Superior temporal sulcus (V5)

Question 16

Where do you find visual attention and feature binding?

Answer 16

Pulvinar

Question 17

Where is the pulvinar located?

Answer 17

Thalamus

Question 18

Where is change blindness seen?

Answer 18

Pulvinar. Pulvinar poor at seeing simultaneous picture changes. Amacrine picks up signal better if sequential

Question 19

Top down vs Bottom up attention

Answer 19

Top down is sense directed by frontal lobe

Bottom up is when you sense something before you think about it

Question 20

What’s visual capture?

Answer 20

Visual stimulus associated with sound

Question 21

What’s visual zoom?

Answer 21

Ignore everything you’re not visually focusing on. Example of counting how many times ball being passed while dumb bear walks through background

Question 22

Figure ground?

Answer 22

Ability to tease background from foreground

Question 23

Bistable figures

Answer 23

Things that can be switched from one object to another. Example is wineglass/face illusion

Question 24

Visual neglect usually neglects which field? Why?

Answer 24

Left field. Left field holds language and logic. Would be hard to ignore. Right brain holds things not used on daily basis. The mute hemisphere

Question 25

Causes of acquired agnosia

Answer 25

Stroke, Trauma, Toxins

Question 26

Types of agnosia

Answer 26

Apperceptive, Associative, Simultagnosia

Question 27

Apperceptive Agnosia? Where’s the problem

Answer 27

Can see objects, but can’t perceive it. Example, when asked to match pictures, may match X with O or a triangle with a circle

Problem between retina and cortex. Right inferior parietal lobe

Question 28

Simultagnosia

Answer 28

Can’t see multiple objects at once

Question 29

Associative agnosia? Where’s the problem

Answer 29

Can’t associate object with word

Problem at occipital/temporal junction by Wernicke’s

Question 30

List color agnosias

Answer 30

Color agnosia: can’t associate colors with objects

Color anomia: Distinguishing colors

Cerebral achromatopsia: Not being able to see color

Question 31

What’s visual spatial agnosia?

Answer 31

Deficiency in stereo and topographical locations

Question 32

What’s Anton syndrome?

Answer 32

Where you’re cortically blind but you don’t realize it

Question 33

Causes of cortical blindness?

Answer 33

Birth defect, trauma, Creutzfeld Jakob dementia, Epilepsy meds

Question 34

When does blindsight occur?

Answer 34

Failure of V1

Question 35

What most commonly causes blindsight?

Answer 35

Car accidents/coup and contracoup accidents

Question 36

How can you prove cortical blindness?

Answer 36

Using VEP
Paths should still work even if can’t see
Differentiate true blindness

Question 37

Where is blindsight seen? What age is most promising

Answer 37

Spared Islands of V1 in injuries as child. Neuroplasticity helps you out

Question 38

Most babies born with intermittent tropia that will resolve

Answer 38

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Question 39

When are visual skills developed

Answer 39

About 3 months

Question 40

When does color vision develop

Answer 40

1.5 years into adolescence

Question 41

When does acuity develop?

Answer 41

5 years. When brain starts linking up to other parts.

Ex: can’t verbalize what you see if not connected to Wernicke’s

Question 42

Where is the OKN drum seen in the brain

Answer 42

Pretectal nucleus and cerebellum

Question 43

What are the VAs and REs for babies. Write them down, fool

Answer 43

1mo:      20/640      +2.25
4mo      20/225       +2.00
6mo      20/100        +1.75
12mo     20/95         +1.57
2yr        20/60          +1.20
3yr        20/30          +1.00
4yr         20/25         +1.13

Question 44

When do babes have a normal peak and what is it?

Answer 44

4 years old 4cpd = 20/150

Question 45

When do babies have adult function?

Answer 45

9 yo

Question 46

What’s baby CPD at 1 month?

Answer 46

2 CPD(limitation due to retinal immaturity)

Question 47

When does amblyogenesis occur?

Answer 47

6 mo - 2yrs

Question 48

Stroop effect is a figure-ground effect

Answer 48

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