Corrosion of non-metals

Question 1

Occur when polymers are exposed to heat above a specified temperature limit

Answer 1

Chain Scission from Heat

Question 2

In the presence of oxygen, UV radiation can cause a breakdown of the polymer chains

Answer 2

Breakdown of Chains from UV Radiation

Question 3

Absorption of water at elevated temperatures causes _____ of certain groups in a polymer chain

Answer 3

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Are substances composed of macromolecules, very large molecules with molecular weights ranging from a
few thousand to as high as millions of
grams/mole.

Answer 4

polymers

Question 5

Is the penetration of the plastic by a corrodent, which causes softening, swelling, and ultimate failure.

Answer 5

Solvation

Question 6

Is caused by photons or light-breaking chemical bonds.

Answer 6

Photochemical degradation

Question 7

The breakup of molecules into smaller pieces by photons

Answer 7

photodissociation

Question 8

Is a molecular migration through micro voids either in the polymer or between polymer molecules.

Answer 8

Permeation

Question 9

Driving force of diffusion

Answer 9

Partial pressure of gases
Concentration gradient of liquids

Question 10

Is a function of the affinity of the permeant for the polymer.

Answer 10

Solubility

Question 11

Polymers have the potential to soak up varied amounts of corrodents, especially organic liquids.

Answer 11

Absorption

Question 12

Is a material that is neither metallic nor organic. It may be crystalline, glassy or both crystalline and glassy.

Answer 12

ceramic

Question 13

____ in a ceramic takes place as a result of chemical dissolution.

Answer 13

Uniform corrosion

Question 14

The corrosion process of a solid material by a liquid can involve the formation of an interface or reaction product between the solid and the solvent.

Answer 14

Indirect Dissolution

Question 15

The solid material dissolves directly into the liquid through dissociation or reaction with the solvent.

Answer 15

Direct Dissolution

Question 16

Is typically manufactured to harness the optimal properties of two or more materials, aiming to enhance overall performance or capture specific attributes of each component.

Answer 16

composite / Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

Question 17

A composite that exhibits good heat resistance up to around 500°C but experience significant strength reduction at higher temperatures due to increased oxidation rates.

Answer 17

Boron fibers

Question 18

Composite that is highly stable in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1090°C, while boron nitride is stable only up to 850°C.

Answer 18

Boron carbide

Question 19

Introduced in the 1970s, experience strength loss above 500°C due to oxidation and possess a notable negative axial thermal expansion coefficient

Answer 19

Carbon or graphite fibers

Question 20

Are commonly used in composites for low-temperature applications, particularly in polymer matrices for
marine or moist environments.

Answer 20

Glass fibers

Question 21

Ceramic that exhibit a high modulus of elasticity and excellent resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, although they typically have poor crack propagation resistance.

Answer 21

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)

Question 22

Is a vital procedure that includes the examination and measurement of the attributes of polymers, engineering plastics, composites, coatings, and paints to ascertain the reason for the failure.

Answer 22

Failure analysis of polymeric materials

Question 23

Is defined as a process in which the
object due to applied force changes its size or shape in a way that is not reversible.

Answer 23

Plastic deformation

Question 24

Involves the sliding of blocks of crystal over one another along different crystallographic planes known as slip planes.

Answer 24

Slip

Question 25

The portion of crystals takes up an orientation related to the orientation of the rest of the untwined lattice in a
symmetrical and definite way.

Answer 25

twinning

Question 26

Is the development of a network
of fine random cracks or fissures on the
surface of concrete or mortar caused by
shrinkage of the surface layer

Answer 26

Crazing

Question 27

Crazing cracks are sometimes referred to as

Answer 27

shallow map / pattern cracking

Question 28

Is a failure mechanism that involves the cracking of materials and structural components due to cyclic (or fluctuating) stress.

Answer 28

Fatigue

Question 29

Stage of fatigue failure where fatigue cracks almost always initiate at a free surface and near a stress riser.

Answer 29

Crack initiation

Question 30

Stage of fatigue failure where continued cyclical stresses repeat the process, slowly growing the micro-crack, which becomes a threat to structural integrity.

Answer 30

Crack propagation

Question 31

Stage of fatigue failure: The final failure event

Answer 31

Failure

Question 32

Is a common feature in failure of ceramic components.

Answer 32

Crack branching

Question 33

Is the stress produced by any change in the temperature of the material.

Answer 33

Thermal stress

Question 34

Is the deterioration of a material from its initial state due to time.

Answer 34

Physical aging

Question 35

Is the temperature at which an amorphous polymer transitions from hard/glassy to soft/leathery, or vice versa.

Answer 35

Glass transition temperature

Question 36

It melts when heated up and solidify when cooled down.

Answer 36

Thermoplastics

Question 37

Feature of Infrared and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Answer 37

identification of functional group

Question 38

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Answer 38

Hydrogen in different chemical environments

Question 39

Light scattering method

Answer 39

Molecular weight

Question 40

Differential scanning calorimetry

Answer 40

heat of polymerization

Question 41

Differential thermal analysis

Answer 41

Transition temperatures

Question 42

Thermomechanical analysis

Answer 42

penetration temperature, expansion coefficient

Question 43

Dynamic mechanical analysis

Answer 43

elastic modulus

Question 44

Thermogravimetric analysis

Answer 44

composition, weight loss

Question 45

X-ray diffraction analysis

Answer 45

crystalline polymer

Question 46

Scanning electron microscopy

Answer 46

surface morphology

Question 47

Transmission electron microscopy

Answer 47

polymer morphology