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AE3 Advancement > Corrosion > Flashcards

Corrosion Flashcards

1
Q

Aluminum and magnesium form corrosion products that are white oxides or what?

A

Hydroxides

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2
Q

The most common type of corrosion (and the one that can be most effectively treated by maintenance personnel) is what corrosion?

A

Electrochemical

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3
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element, made up of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of negatively charged electrons?

A

Atom

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4
Q

There are over how many elements?

A

100

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5
Q

What is a negatively charged subatomic particle?

A

Electron

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6
Q

What cannot move through metal conductors?

A

Ions

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7
Q

What is a liquid (usually water) solution containing ions?

A

Electrolyte

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8
Q

What is the branch of science concerned with chemical reactions at surfaces in contact with electrolytes?

A

Electrochemistry

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9
Q

How many conditions must exist before metal corrosion can occur?

A

Four

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10
Q

Corroding metal is called the what

A

Anode

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11
Q

When corrosion products form, they often precipitate onto the corroding surface as a what?

A

Powdery deposit

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12
Q

Since corrosion products occupy more volume than the original metal, the paint surfaces may become blistered, flaked, chipped, or appear what?

A

Lumpy

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13
Q

The best time to prevent corrosion is at what stage?

A

Design

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14
Q

The metals most commonly used in aircraft construction are aluminum, steel, titanium, and what else?

A

Magnesium

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15
Q

Most alloys are made up entirely of small crystalline regions called what?

A

Grains

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16
Q

Many alloys used in aircraft construction are sensitive to a form of corrosion known as what?

A

Stress corrosion cracking

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17
Q

What corrosion is probably the most common type? (Page 3-6)

A

Uniform surface

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18
Q

What corrosion occurs when different metals are in contact with each other and an electrolyte?

A

Galvanic

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19
Q

What is a form of extremely localized attack that results in holes in the metal?

A

Pitting

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20
Q

What are most susceptible to pitting damage?

A

Stainless steels

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21
Q

What corrosion is an attack on the grain boundaries of the metal

A

Intergranular

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22
Q

What is an advanced form of intergranular corrosion where the surface grains of a metal are lifted up by the force of expanding corrosion products occurring at the grain boundaries?

A

Exfoliation

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23
Q

What corrosion occurs because the environment of the local area is very different from the larger environment?

A

Crevice

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24
Q

What corrosion is a form of crevice corrosion which occurs on metal surfaces having a thin (~4 mils) organic protective coating?

A

Filiform

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25
Q

Filiform corrosion occurs when the relative humidity of the air is between 65 and 90%, and the air temperature is between what?

A

70-100 degrees F

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26
Q

What corrosion is the increase in the rate of attack on a metal due to the action of a corrosive fluid against the metal surface?

A

Erosion

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27
Q

What corrosion is the intergranular or transgranular cracking of a metal caused by the combined effects of constant tensile stress (internal or applied) and corrosion?

A

Stress

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28
Q

Aluminum alloy can fail by stress corrosion cracking when subjected to a stress which is only what percent of its rated strength?

A

10%

29
Q

What is the cracking of metals caused by the combined effects of cyclic stress and corrosion?

A

Corrosion fatigue

30
Q

What corrosion occurs at contact areas between materials under load subject to repeated vibration?

A

Fretting

31
Q

What are the most widely used materials for aircraft construction?

A

Aluminum and aluminum alloys

32
Q

Since pure aluminum is more corrosion resistant than most alloys, aluminum sheet stock is often covered with a thin layer of nearly pure aluminum called cladding or what else?

A

Alcad

33
Q

Some aluminum parts are protected with an electrochemically applied oxide coating called what?

A

Anodize

34
Q

What are the lightest structural metals used for aircraft and missile airframes?

A

Magnesium alloys

35
Q

What are used for gears, bearings, and high strength bolts, and for mountings, racks, brackets, and hardware in avionic systems?

A

Stainless steels

36
Q

Titanium and titanium alloys find numerous uses in aircraft, engines, and missiles at temperatures up to what?

A

1000 degrees F

37
Q

What is used as a coating to protect steel hardware, such as bolts, washers, and screws, and as plating on electrical connectors?

A

Cadmium

38
Q

What is used as a protective plating?

A

Chromium

39
Q

When added to stainless steel alloys, the stress corrosion resistance increases with nickel contents above what?

A

10%

40
Q

What are generally used in avionic systems as contacts, springs, leads, connectors, printed circuit board (PCB) conductors, and wires?

A

Copper and copper based alloys

41
Q

What is used as a plating material over copper in waveguides, miniature and micro-miniature circuits, wires, contacts, high frequency cavities, tank circuits, and RF shielding?

A

Silver

42
Q

Traditionally considered the best coating for corrosion resistance and solderability, what is used on printed circuits, semiconductors, leads, and contacts?

A

Gold

43
Q

What is a brittle gold-aluminum compound formed when bonding gold to aluminum?

A

Purple plague

44
Q

What has the best combination of solderability and corrosion resistance of any metallic coating?

A

Tin

45
Q

Graphite or carbon fiber composites are materials which consist of reinforcing fibers in a matrix made of organic resin, usually what

A

Epoxy

46
Q

What in addition to conformal coatings are used to envelop an avionic component, module or assembly?

A

Encapsulants

47
Q

What compounds are used to encase a part or component, such as in an electrical connector?

A

Potting

48
Q

Rubbers and what else are used for insulation, seals, gaskets, caps, tubing, films, and coatings?

A

Elastomers

49
Q

What is present in air as a gas (water vapor) or as finely divided droplets of liquid (mist or fog)?

A

Moisture

50
Q

What formation results from condensation of moisture?

A

Electrolyte

51
Q

The primary source of the world’s salt is the ocean, which is what percentage of salt?

A

3.5% to 3.9%

52
Q

Normal sea winds can carry from 10 to how many pounds of seasalt per cubic mile of air?

A

100

53
Q

What is a particularly active form of oxygen which is formed naturally during thunderstorms, by arcing in electrical devices, and by photochemical reactions in smog?

A

Ozone

54
Q

The two ranges of solar radiation most damaging to materials are ultraviolet (the range that causes sunburn) and what else (the range that makes sunlight feel warm)?

A

Infrared

55
Q

Most fungus growth is inhibited by temperatures above what temperature?

A

104 degrees F

56
Q

Most military equipment is intended for service in what environments?

A

Low pressure (high altitude)

57
Q

Some of the least recognized contributors to corrosion are sand, dust, and what else?

A

Volcanic ash

58
Q

In arid regions such as deserts, small sand particles are often blown as high as how many feet by the siroccos (hot, dust laden winds)?

A

10,000

59
Q

Nonmetallic materials suffer the most damage from the hot desert climates, where air temperatures during the day may reach what?

A

124 degrees F

60
Q

The greatest challenge to the aircraft industry is the design of equipment that is protected from corrosion and deterioration in the heat and humidity that prevails in the what?

A

Tropics

61
Q

The tropical environment is sustained by long periods of heavy rainfall, during which as many as how many inches of rain may fall?

A

100

62
Q

What attack includes the action of bacteria, fungi, or molds?

A

Microbial attack

63
Q

Bacteria may be either aerobic or what else?

A

Anaerobic

64
Q

What bacteria require oxygen to live?

A

Aerobic

65
Q

Ideal growth conditions for most fungi and bacteria are temperatures between 68° and what?

A

104 degrees F

66
Q

What is intended to protect equipment or components against corrosion, deterioration, and physical damage during transportation and storage?

A

Packaging

67
Q

Equipment should be properly packaged in accordance with what to minimize damage during shipment?

A

MIL-STD-2073-1

68
Q

Most front-line combat aircraft average how many hours per day in flight operations?

A

1-2

AE3 Advancement (2 decks)

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