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Corrosion Flashcards

1
Q

Aluminum and magnesium form corrosion products that are white oxides or what?

A

Hydroxides

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2
Q

The most common type of corrosion (and the one that can be most effectively treated by maintenance personnel) is what corrosion?

A

Electrochemical

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3
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element, made up of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of negatively charged electrons?

A

Atom

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4
Q

There are over how many elements?

A

100

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5
Q

What is a negatively charged subatomic particle?

A

Electron

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6
Q

What cannot move through metal conductors?

A

Ions

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7
Q

What is a liquid (usually water) solution containing ions?

A

Electrolyte

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8
Q

What is the branch of science concerned with chemical reactions at surfaces in contact with electrolytes?

A

Electrochemistry

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9
Q

How many conditions must exist before metal corrosion can occur?

A

Four

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10
Q

Corroding metal is called the what

A

Anode

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11
Q

When corrosion products form, they often precipitate onto the corroding surface as a what?

A

Powdery deposit

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12
Q

Since corrosion products occupy more volume than the original metal, the paint surfaces may become blistered, flaked, chipped, or appear what?

A

Lumpy

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13
Q

The best time to prevent corrosion is at what stage?

A

Design

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14
Q

The metals most commonly used in aircraft construction are aluminum, steel, titanium, and what else?

A

Magnesium

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15
Q

Most alloys are made up entirely of small crystalline regions called what?

A

Grains

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16
Q

Many alloys used in aircraft construction are sensitive to a form of corrosion known as what?

A

Stress corrosion cracking

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17
Q

What corrosion is probably the most common type? (Page 3-6)

A

Uniform surface

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18
Q

What corrosion occurs when different metals are in contact with each other and an electrolyte?

A

Galvanic

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19
Q

What is a form of extremely localized attack that results in holes in the metal?

A

Pitting

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20
Q

What are most susceptible to pitting damage?

A

Stainless steels

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21
Q

What corrosion is an attack on the grain boundaries of the metal

A

Intergranular

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22
Q

What is an advanced form of intergranular corrosion where the surface grains of a metal are lifted up by the force of expanding corrosion products occurring at the grain boundaries?

A

Exfoliation

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23
Q

What corrosion occurs because the environment of the local area is very different from the larger environment?

A

Crevice

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24
Q

What corrosion is a form of crevice corrosion which occurs on metal surfaces having a thin (~4 mils) organic protective coating?

A

Filiform

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25
Filiform corrosion occurs when the relative humidity of the air is between 65 and 90%, and the air temperature is between what?
70-100 degrees F
26
What corrosion is the increase in the rate of attack on a metal due to the action of a corrosive fluid against the metal surface?
Erosion
27
What corrosion is the intergranular or transgranular cracking of a metal caused by the combined effects of constant tensile stress (internal or applied) and corrosion?
Stress
28
Aluminum alloy can fail by stress corrosion cracking when subjected to a stress which is only what percent of its rated strength?
10%
29
What is the cracking of metals caused by the combined effects of cyclic stress and corrosion?
Corrosion fatigue
30
What corrosion occurs at contact areas between materials under load subject to repeated vibration?
Fretting
31
What are the most widely used materials for aircraft construction?
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
32
Since pure aluminum is more corrosion resistant than most alloys, aluminum sheet stock is often covered with a thin layer of nearly pure aluminum called cladding or what else?
Alcad
33
Some aluminum parts are protected with an electrochemically applied oxide coating called what?
Anodize
34
What are the lightest structural metals used for aircraft and missile airframes?
Magnesium alloys
35
What are used for gears, bearings, and high strength bolts, and for mountings, racks, brackets, and hardware in avionic systems?
Stainless steels
36
Titanium and titanium alloys find numerous uses in aircraft, engines, and missiles at temperatures up to what?
1000 degrees F
37
What is used as a coating to protect steel hardware, such as bolts, washers, and screws, and as plating on electrical connectors?
Cadmium
38
What is used as a protective plating?
Chromium
39
When added to stainless steel alloys, the stress corrosion resistance increases with nickel contents above what?
10%
40
What are generally used in avionic systems as contacts, springs, leads, connectors, printed circuit board (PCB) conductors, and wires?
Copper and copper based alloys
41
What is used as a plating material over copper in waveguides, miniature and micro-miniature circuits, wires, contacts, high frequency cavities, tank circuits, and RF shielding?
Silver
42
Traditionally considered the best coating for corrosion resistance and solderability, what is used on printed circuits, semiconductors, leads, and contacts?
Gold
43
What is a brittle gold-aluminum compound formed when bonding gold to aluminum?
Purple plague
44
What has the best combination of solderability and corrosion resistance of any metallic coating?
Tin
45
Graphite or carbon fiber composites are materials which consist of reinforcing fibers in a matrix made of organic resin, usually what
Epoxy
46
What in addition to conformal coatings are used to envelop an avionic component, module or assembly?
Encapsulants
47
What compounds are used to encase a part or component, such as in an electrical connector?
Potting
48
Rubbers and what else are used for insulation, seals, gaskets, caps, tubing, films, and coatings?
Elastomers
49
What is present in air as a gas (water vapor) or as finely divided droplets of liquid (mist or fog)?
Moisture
50
What formation results from condensation of moisture?
Electrolyte
51
The primary source of the world’s salt is the ocean, which is what percentage of salt?
3.5% to 3.9%
52
Normal sea winds can carry from 10 to how many pounds of seasalt per cubic mile of air?
100
53
What is a particularly active form of oxygen which is formed naturally during thunderstorms, by arcing in electrical devices, and by photochemical reactions in smog?
Ozone
54
The two ranges of solar radiation most damaging to materials are ultraviolet (the range that causes sunburn) and what else (the range that makes sunlight feel warm)?
Infrared
55
Most fungus growth is inhibited by temperatures above what temperature?
104 degrees F
56
Most military equipment is intended for service in what environments?
Low pressure (high altitude)
57
Some of the least recognized contributors to corrosion are sand, dust, and what else?
Volcanic ash
58
In arid regions such as deserts, small sand particles are often blown as high as how many feet by the siroccos (hot, dust laden winds)?
10,000
59
Nonmetallic materials suffer the most damage from the hot desert climates, where air temperatures during the day may reach what?
124 degrees F
60
The greatest challenge to the aircraft industry is the design of equipment that is protected from corrosion and deterioration in the heat and humidity that prevails in the what?
Tropics
61
The tropical environment is sustained by long periods of heavy rainfall, during which as many as how many inches of rain may fall?
100
62
What attack includes the action of bacteria, fungi, or molds?
Microbial attack
63
Bacteria may be either aerobic or what else?
Anaerobic
64
What bacteria require oxygen to live?
Aerobic
65
Ideal growth conditions for most fungi and bacteria are temperatures between 68° and what?
104 degrees F
66
What is intended to protect equipment or components against corrosion, deterioration, and physical damage during transportation and storage?
Packaging
67
Equipment should be properly packaged in accordance with what to minimize damage during shipment?
MIL-STD-2073-1
68
Most front-line combat aircraft average how many hours per day in flight operations?
1-2

AE3 Advancement (2 decks)

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