Correlation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Correlation ?

A
  • Correlation is the relationship between two variables where changes in one variable changes the other
  • Two variables are measured quantitivley in order for any correlation to be established
  • Only number data is used
  • NO IV and DV- they are covaribles
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2
Q

What is a Positive Correlation?

A

The variables change in the same direction

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3
Q

What is a Negative Correlation?

A

The variables change in opposite directions

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4
Q

What is Spearman’s Rho ?

A

It gives you the coefficient of the correlation

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5
Q

What does a Coefficient of 0 mean ?

A

It means there is no relationship between the variables

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6
Q

What does a value of +1 mean?

A

It means a perfect, positive correlation

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7
Q

What does a value of -1 mean?

A

It means a perfect, negative correlation

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8
Q

Advantages of Correlations..

A
  • May indicate a connection between two issue
  • Do not require manipulation of variables- more ethical
  • Higher Ecological Validity- these numbers came from real life
  • Can be used as a starting point for research
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9
Q

Disadvantages of Correlations…

A
  • Don’t prove a casual relationship
  • Don’t reflect a curvilinear relationship
  • Don’t show cause of the relationship
  • Cannot demonstrate cause and effect
  • Subject to problems associated with the method used to collect the date- e.g. observation or self report
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10
Q

What is the Third Variable Problem?

A

Assuming that one variable causes the other when it could be another third variable (causation )

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11
Q

What are the Correlation Coefficents?

A

+1 - Perfect Positive

  • 0 - Zero
  • 1.0- Perfect Negative
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12
Q

What is the Alternative Hypothesis?

A

There will be a significant (direction) correlation between (variable 1) (measured by something) and (variable 2) (measured by something)

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13
Q

What is the Null Hypothesis?

A

There will be no significant correlation between (variable 1) (measured by something) and (variable 2) (measured by something)

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14
Q

What is Descriptive Statistics?

A

Summary of data to illustrate patterns and relationships- can’t infer conclusions

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15
Q

What is Inferential Statistics?

A

Statistical Tests that allows us to make conclusions in relation to the hypothesis e.g. Mann-Whitney or Spearman’s Rho

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16
Q

What is Nominal Data..

A

Data in categories

17
Q

What is Ordinal Data…

A

Data ranked in order

18
Q

What is Interval Data-

A

Precise and measured using units or equal intervals

19
Q

What is Measure of Dispersion ?

A

Range (Highest- Lowest)