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Corrections > Corrections Final > Flashcards

Corrections Final Flashcards

1
Q

Legal Issues with Prisons

A

What happens within corrections is ‘none of our business’, whatever is necessary for punishment… but this frequently leads to abuse of power

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2
Q

Sociology of Confinement - What are some things that affect inmates transitions?

A
  • Inmate is confronted by a new place
  • Experiences before prison come into play
  • Fellow inmates have major influences
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3
Q

Sociology of Confinement - Factors that Affect Adjustment

A
  • Pre prison experiences
  • Characteristics of Inmates
  • External influences / expectations
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4
Q

Forms of Adaptation (John Irwin) - Four Adaptations / Roles

A

Doing Time
Gleaning
Jailing
Disorganized

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5
Q

Doing Time

A

Sees doing time as a break in their careers as criminals

The prison experience is not going to make much of an impact on these people

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6
Q

Gleaning

A

Taking advantage of what is being offered

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7
Q

Jailing

A

Individual cuts themselves off from the outside in a nonchalant manner
“State Raised”

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8
Q

Disorganized

A

These individuals tend to have psych problems, physical disabilities, or things that don’t allow them to be involved in normative ways
*Sometimes other inmates prey on these individuals

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9
Q

Inmate Code

A 
Don't:
*Bring Heat
*Exploit inmates
*Cop out
*Talk to a screw
Do:
*Be tough, be a man
*Have connections
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10
Q

Death Penalty

A

-

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11
Q

Describe the Moratorium, and give states who are carrying it out

A

Moratorium - Have death penalty and are not carrying it out.

Colorado, Oregon

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12
Q

Describe the Repeal & the states that have repealed

A

New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Connecticut, Illinois

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13
Q

Narrow Circumstances -What are the circumstances & what states have this plan?

A

Maryland - DNA and Video only

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14
Q

DNA Testing & The Innocence Project - what is the concept?

A

Intended to use journalism and law students to examine cases to find miscarriages of justice.
Supports the reanalysis of physical evidence in the crime - with dna analysis

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15
Q

Death Penalty - Public Opinion (today vs. ‘98)

A

Today - around 55%

This is down from 80% in 1998

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16
Q

How many countries have retained, abolished, and kept the death penalty for rare circumstances?

A

Retained - 58
Abolished - 97
Retentionist - 42

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17
Q

Arguments in favor of the death penalty

A 
Retribution
Deterrence
"Just deserts" for a capital offense
Incapacitation
Public Support
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18
Q

Arguments against the death penalty

A 
Barbaric
Unfair and error prone
Nothing more than revenge
More expensive than life
Arbitrary
Not actually a deterrent
Incapacitation can be life w/o parole
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19
Q

Factors that affect Re-Entry

A 
Identification
Housing
Employment Readiness
Transportation
Money Management / Credit
Education options & resources
Healthy lifestyles
Family relationships
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20
Q

Identification Challenges

A

How do you prove your identity to get an ID other than a state corrections ID

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21
Q

Housing Challenges

A

Where will you live? Family is ideal… but what is available with the amount of money?

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22
Q

Employment Readiness & retention

A

The world has changed a lot since incarceration… Do you know how to use the internet?

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23
Q

Transportation

A

How do you get to and from work? 16 bus tokens won’t get you far

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24
Q

Money Management / Credit

A

Former inmates often have poor money mgmt skills

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25
Q

Educations options, Resources, Issues

A

Some schools won’t touch you if you’ve been convicted of a felony

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26
Q

Healthy Lifestyles

A

Can be difficult to overcome the challenges with peer influences re:drugs, etc.

27
Q

Family Relationships

A

It’s important to maintain family relationships - things can be v difficult if you get out and don’t have these.

28
Q

–Community Corrections–

A

-

29
Q

Why do we have CC?

A

Alternative means of punishment for those who would benefit more from staying in the community

30
Q

Types of Community Corrections

A

Parole, Probation, Halfway Houses, Boot Camps

31
Q

Parole

A

*Conditional, revocable release from incarceration

32
Q

Who grants parole?

A

Parole board

33
Q

Who is eligible?

A

Good time, earned time factor in

34
Q

What is required before granting parole?

A

Interview with a plan - where are you going?

Parole Board hearing - decisions made

35
Q

Similar to probation, what are some conditions that are required of parolees?

A 
Obey all laws
Pay restitution to vic
Attend classes/programs
Pay fine
Stay away from victim
Supervision/Checking in
36
Q

Probation

A

Roots in benefit of clergy - Church had its own power to punish
Sentence where offender can remain in community - subject to supervision and other conditions

37
Q

John Augustus

A

Responsible “father” of probation.
“If you don’t sentence him to jail, I will ensure that he leads a lawful life”
Turned out to be a success - eventually took on a caseload

38
Q

Technical vs. Susbstantive violations

A

Technical - picked up in bar you weren’t supposed to be in

Substantive - you robbed a bar.

39
Q

Halfway Houses

A

-

40
Q

What groups originally ran these Houses

A

Religious groups - used to be accommodating with food, shelter, clothing, etc

41
Q

Now who runs these Houses

A

Private entities - “pay us this much and we will service x amount of inmates who come through”
Larimer, Weld - only two that run their own in the state

42
Q

Goals of a halfway house

A

Build and maintain ties
Individualize sentences
Resocialize in a “normal” manner
Economical, cheaper, etc.

43
Q

Boot Camps - What philosophy?

A

Shock incarceration

44
Q

What are the objectives of a boot camp

A

Deterrent jolt / stimulate readiness for rehab / community protection?

45
Q

What is net widening?

A

process of administrative or practical changes that result in a greater number of individuals controlled by the CJ system

46
Q

–

A

–

47
Q

Women in Corrections

A

–

48
Q

Why are women referred to as “forgotten offenders?”

A
  • Institutions are fewer and farther away
  • Fewer programs, fewer women
  • Fewer specialized insititutions
  • More drugs, less violent offenses
  • More physical / sexual abuse
49
Q

Race & Ethnicity in Corrections

A

Very disproportionate minority contact & confinement

50
Q

What is racism?

A

Race –> Hereditary Traits –> Racism

51
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Ethnicity –> Cultural Features –> Ethnocentrism

52
Q

Where are there disparities in CJ?

A 
Bail disparity
Sentencing Disparity
Drug arrests 
Drug sentences
Time served
53
Q

15,000 Drug cases studied - for 100months white person, how many more for a black person?

A

160 months

54
Q

Mandatory Minimums

A

Prosecutors are more likely to insist on the mandatory minimums for african americans - this seems to be more due to institutionalized racism

55
Q

African Americans - some Stats

A

13% of population
14% of drug users
37% of drug arrestees
56% of people in prison for Drug Offenses

56
Q

Juvenile Corrections

A

–

57
Q

Origins of the Juvenile Court

A

Child severs movement

Parens Patriae - Gov / State was parent of whole nation

58
Q

Populations served

A

Youthful Offenders
Status offenders - status as a juvenile means you can’t do certain things
Abused / Neglected / Dependent - child may be incorrigible

59
Q

Due Process - remember the years

A

Pre 1967 - Era of Socialized Juvenile Justice 0 - courts had wide latitude, could do pretty much anything
1967 On - Limited due process era - Case called In RE: Gault

60
Q

Gault Case - Discuss originally what happened

A

Gault was accused of making an obscene phone call, Denied making the call, was sentenced to juvie

61
Q

Gault Case - Established due process, what rights do juveniles now have?

A
  • Timely notification of charges
  • Confront Witnesses
  • No self incrimination
  • Counsel
62
Q

Juvenile Probation–

A

–

63
Q

Direct order vs. Suspended Incarceration

A

Under Suspended, you could be sent to an institution if you screw up
Under Direct, this is not a possibility

64
Q

Conditions unique to Juvenile Probation

A

Stay in school - usually the main condition

Stay away from bad associations, places, etc.

Corrections (3 decks)

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