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Corrections > Corrections Ex1 > Flashcards

Corrections Ex1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the three stages in the CJ system relevant to this course

A

Police -> Courts -> Corrections. Flow mainly one way, but have feedback loops from Corrections

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2
Q

Corrections & CJ as a whole are influenced by Social, Political, Economic and Legal forces. Describe some examples of each

A

Social - Family decisions & baby boom increased crime in 70s.
Political - Sentence Doubling
Legal - DUI was not real till 80s
Economic - Restorative Justice was implemented for econ reasons.

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3
Q

Penal Philosophies

I.R.I.D.R.R.R.R.

A

–

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4
Q

Isolation

A

Keeping individual away from society

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5
Q

Retribution

A

Eye for an eye
Does not mean revenge
Doesn’t focus on the future, restores balance the offender upset

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6
Q

Incapacitation

A

Taking away capacity to commit offense again

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7
Q

Deterrence

*general *specific

A

General - Others watching will be deterred by the punishment

Specific - deterrence for that specific individual

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8
Q

Rehabilitation

A

We can salvage anyone - anyone can get better

Needs to be a change in heart, not a change in behavior

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9
Q

Restoration

A

Restoring things to the way they were before the offense
Balanced approach
Rehab is about offender, restoration heals all - community, offender, vic.

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10
Q

Restitution

A

Money or service paid to victim

May restore balance between offender and victim but not necessarily the community

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11
Q

Reintegration

A

Ex offenders are coming back to communities - how do we fit them back in?

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12
Q

These Penal Philosophies lead to ACTION MODELS for dealing w offenders

A

–

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13
Q

Medical Treatment - how do we figure out what the problem is?

A

DRDC-CF

  1. Intake examination
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Treatment
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14
Q

Hard Time

A

generally intended for hardened criminals, little opportunity for successful treatment if sent elsewhere

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15
Q

Community - what’s an example, too?

A

Reintegration is ideal
“alternative sentencing”
Workenders - confinement on weekends to serve sentence

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16
Q

Just Deserts

A

Punishment & Crime should fit each other
No time off for good behavior
Punishment is applied evenly, even when that might not make sense.

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17
Q

Restorative Justice

A

Restore to victim, accountability of offender, and some sense of order brought back to community

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18
Q

VOM

A

victim-offender mediation

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19
Q

PHILOSOPHY -> ACTION MODEL -> SENTENCE

A

–

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20
Q

ERAS

A

–

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21
Q

Wellspring Era (until 1800s)

A

Basis for all subsequent eras. Focused on corporal and capital punishment

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22
Q

Lex Talionis

A

Measured retaliation - punishment should respond to the degree of the crime

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23
Q

Wergild

A

Paid restitution. Only existed in narrow circumstances

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24
Q

What kind of philosophy existed?

A

Isolation

Two families might fight for control, one would be exiled if the lost

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25
Q

The wellspring era gave birth to prisons - what were these originally called, and what were they like?

A

Gaols - became Workhouses - then Bridewell
People were held in Gaols after conviction but before corporal / capital punishment
Became workhouses in which people were in “debtors prison”

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26
Q

Bridewell House

A

Originally a leprosy hospital, first prison after lepers moved out
Became model based on which others followed
Began implementing policies

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27
Q

John Howard was captured by the French & spent time in prison. What were his recommendations after he was released?

A

SAWS

  1. Sanitary, Secure structure
  2. Abolition of fees - not a place for profit
  3. Work completed should serve purpose of reform
  4. Systematic inspections should be carried out

Howard became a sheriff, and as a result of his efforts the 1779 parlaiment passed the penitentiary act, but was more successful in US

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28
Q

Walnut St. Jail

A

first american prison as we know it today, was opened due to overcrowding

29
Q

Penitentiary Era (1800s-1860s)

A

Focused on deterrence and incapacitation

Increased use of prisons

30
Q

Pennsylvania System

A

“seperate and silent” - you’ll be in your cell all of the time. If work is to be done, here’s the wood. Make a chair in your cell.
Easy to go crazy being alone

31
Q

Auburn / New York System

A

Prisoners came together for work and meals

32
Q

Reformatory Era (1860s - 1900s)

A
  • Emphasis on deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration/reintegration
  • Points for good behavior
  • Crofton’s ticket of leave - Gradually increased freedom, similar to a parole system
33
Q

Cincinnati Declaration - TWICERS

A 
Focuses on reformation, not vindictive suffering
Job Training
Work
Ending Indeterminate Sentencing
Collect penal statistics
Emphasize Religion and Education
Reformation
Abolish Silence Rule
34
Q

Industrial Era (1900s - 1930s)

A

Work through means of rehab
Emphasis on deterrence, incapacitation, rehab
Prisoners were centers of production
Occasionally some prisoners were incap. in a fraudulent manner to keep them as skilled laborers

35
Q

How did prison labor benefit the institutions?

A

No payment was given to prisoners for work completed

Work was for profit

36
Q

Rehabilitation Era (1930s - 1970s)

A

Emphasis on rehabilitation

Politics should be taken out - pro prohibition

37
Q

Wickersham Commission

A

Hoover
Studied “era of lawlessness”
Those in prison for alcohol were otherwise good people
Did not recommend ending prohibition

38
Q

Retributive / Restorative Era (1970s - 1990s)

A

Emphasis on retribution, but mixed
Increased sentencing
Increased prison construction & population

39
Q

Why was this era unique in terms of Conservatives & Liberals?

A

Both agreed that rehab was a bad idea, but for different reasons
Left - led to unequal outcomes in the CJ system
Right - Rehab is coddling, just doesn’t work

40
Q

The Martinson Report

A

State Corrections worker wrote an article blown out of proportions. Provided support for many to be against rehab

41
Q

Determinate Sentencing

A

Specified Sentence
Little room for judicial discretion
Truth in sentencing - 10 means 10

42
Q

Corrections & Criminal Justice

A

–

43
Q

Difference between Prisons & jails?

A

Prisons are generally >2 years.

44
Q

Institutional vs. Community corrections

A

Institutional - prison
Community - community
Halfway House - sits right between

45
Q

Sentencing Guidelines

A

Often in a grid, helps choose sentence based on severity, etc.

46
Q

Correctional Clients

A

–

47
Q

Characteristics - PURHY

A 
Poor
Uneducated
Recidivist
Half White
Young
48
Q

Correctional Administration

A

–

49
Q

Nature of Correctional Administration

A 
Human service / people processing
How to measure goals
Fragmentation and coordination
Centrality of information
Privatization
50
Q

Goals of institutional corrections - SCS

A

Security
Segregation
Classification

51
Q

Goals of Community Corrections - DTR

A

Discipline
Treatment
Restoration

52
Q

Jails

A

–

53
Q

Major Distinguishing characteristics of jails, instead of prison

A

Heterogeneous population - felonies & misd.
Local Administration
Rapid turnover in clients
Limited programs, not exactly focused on rehab
In or near central business districts

54
Q

Prisons

A

–

55
Q

Ratio?

A

1:40

56
Q

Classification

A

Process by which prisoners are assigned to a housing unit based on criteria - Risk Assessment is conducted

57
Q

Security Level

A

Refers to institution itself - what facility has what security level

58
Q

Supervision Level

A

Refers to an individual - previous escape attempts? how well do we have to watch this individual?

59
Q

What are some factors in a needs assessment? PEWM

A

Medical
Psychological
Work
Educational

60
Q

Maximum Security Level

A

36% of inmates. These are individuals who started at medium and screwed up, OR are very dangerous
Very racially and ethnically segregated
Heavy presence of gangs

61
Q

Medium Security Level

A

48%

Default level

62
Q

Minimum Security Level

A

16%

Non threatening inmates

63
Q

Super Maximum

A

Not really counted %

64
Q

Obstacles to effective treatment programs

A

Old institutions
Crowding
Personnel 1:40
Availability of work

65
Q

Religion as a Treatment Program

A

Praise & Criticism - state v religion - is that ok?

66
Q

Education as a Treatment Program

A

Academic, vocational training programs

Connected to work programs

67
Q

Work as a Treatment Program

A

Not enough work to go around

68
Q

Clinical Treatment Programs

A

Counseling
Social Casework - looks at family, work, homelife, etc. more holistic approach
Psychological & Psychiatric services
Group Treatment - common issues can be grouped
Drug Abuse Treatment
Therapeutic Community

69
Q

Principle of Least Eligibility

A

“Prisoners ought to receive no goods or services in excess of those available to people who have lived under the law”

Corrections (3 decks)

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