Corrections 3

Question 1

Stage 1-3 AKI in regard to creatinine?

Answer 1

Stage 1 –> Increase 1.5-1.9x baseline

Stage 2 –> Increase 2.0-2.9x baseline

Stage 3 –> Increase > 3x baseline or >354 µmol/L

Question 2

Stage 1-3 AKI in regard to urine production?

Answer 2

Stage 1 –> < 0.5ml/kg/h for >6 consecutive hours

Stage 2 –> < 0.5ml/kg/h for >12 consecutive hours

Stage 3 –> < 0.3ml/kg/h for > 24h or anuric for 12h

Question 3

Mx of non-visible haematuria in anti-coagulated patients?

Answer 3

The incidence of non-visible haematuria is similar in patients taking warfarin to the general population, therefore, these patients should be investigated as normal.

Question 4

What is used to confirm the diagnosis of a recent streptococcal infection?

Answer 4

Raised anti-streptolysin O titres

Question 5

How does anti-GBM disease typically present?

Answer 5

haemoptysis + AKI/proteinuria/haematuria

Question 6

Variables included in eCGF? (CAGE)

Answer 6

Creatinine
Age
Gender
Ethnicity

Question 7

How long shouldpPatients who are high-risk for contrast-induced nephropathy have metformin withheld for?

Answer 7

At least 48h

Question 8

What does the presence of protein on a urine dip indicate as the cause of an AKI?

Answer 8

Intrinsic renal cause (ATN or AIN)

It rules out pre or post-renal causes

Question 9

What type of renal injury does rhabdo cause?

Answer 9

Intrinsic

Question 10

Give some causes of intrinsic AKI

Answer 10

• glomerulonephritis
• ATN
• AIN
• rhabdomyolysis
• tumour lysis syndrome

Question 11

What is the 1st line mx of CKD mineral bone disease?

Answer 11

1st –> Low phosphate diet

2nd –> Phosphate binders

3rd –> Vitamin D

Question 12

What are the 2 types of phosphate binders used in CKD mineral bone disease?

Answer 12

1) Calcium based binders

2) Sevelamer (a non-calcium based binder)

Question 13

Give 2 problems associated with calcium-based phosphate binders?

Answer 13

1) hypercalcaemia
2) vascular calcification