Corrections 3 Flashcards
What is the key investigation in suspected septic arthritis?
Synovial fluid sampling
What is the most common organism implicated in a psoas abscess?
Staph. aureus
Features of a psoas abscess?
1) Lumbar tenderness (point of insertion of the psoas muscle is T12-L5)
2) Patient will prefer to lie with their knees slightly flexed
XR changes in osteoarthritis?
L - Loss of joint space
O - Osteophytes at joint margins
S - Subchondral cysts
S - Subchondral sclerosis
Cause of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis?
Inflammation of the tendons on the lateral aspect of the wrist and thumb.
What test is used to diagnose de Quervain’s tenosynovitis?
Finkelstein’s test
The hand should be deviated medially rapidly and sharp pain occurs along the distal radius.
What are 2 medications that commonly cause drug-induced lupus?
1) procainamide
2) hydralazine
What are 3 medications that less commonly cause drug-induced lupus?
1) isoniazid
2) minocycline
3) phenytoin
Cause of a shortened, internally rotated leg?
Hip dislocation (most likely posterior displacement of the femoral head).
Cause of a shortened, externally rotated leg?
NOF fractures
What abs are seen in limited systemic sclerosis?
Anti-centromere antibodies
What 2 fractures is compartment syndrome msot commonly associated with?
1) supracondylar fractures (arm)
2) tibial shaft fractures (leg)
Mx of plantar fasciitis?
1) weight loss
2) simple stretching
3) rest
What nerve injury is a common complication of a posterior hip dislocation?
Sciatic nerve injury
Are most hip dislocations anterior or posterior?
Posterior (90%)
How can sciatic nerve injury result in foot drop?
As the sciatic nerve supplies the common peroneal nerve.
What investigation is it important to do before starting biologics?
CXR - look for TB (can cause reactivation)
Mx of Paget’s disease of the bone?
Bisphosphonates
What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis? e.g. nickel
Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed)
Referral time for suspected cancer in children vs adults?
Children - 48h
Adults - 2w
What is a pharmacological option for Raynaud’s?
Nifedipine
1st line mx for pseudogout?
NSAIDs and colchicine (note - allopurinol is ineffective in pseudogout as uric acid is not implicated).
Risk factors for pseudogout?
1) age
2) haemochromatosis
3) hyperparathyroidisim
4) hypophosphataemia
5) hypothyroidism
6) hypomagnesaemia
What nerve is implicated in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve compression