Correctional Interviewing Flashcards
What are Ethics?
Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity
What 4 things should you consider before starting or engaging with a client?
*Is the client showing signs of distress?
*Does the client have a desire to change their situation or behavior?
*Does the client understand the potential and limitations of the helping relationship?
*Is the client voluntary or involuntary?
What 5 things should you ask yourself before working with a client?
*Are you able to work with them?
*Do you want to work with them?
*Can you meet their expectations?
*What kind of structure is required for the helping relationship?
*What are your expectations for this person?
What are 4 questions that clients might ask internally or externally?
*Is this a person I can trust?
*Will this person be helpful - on my terms?
*Will this helping relationship be too much work?
*Will they meet my needs?
What are the purposes of ethical codes?
-Guidelines for appropriate professional practice
-Protect the helper, client, agency, profession, and society
-Safeguard client autonomy and professional accountability
- Enhance the profession
What are the 5 ethical principles?
-Competence
-Informed Consent
-Confidentiality
-Power
-Social Justice
What is competence?
The ability to demonstrate certain skills based on knowledge and experience
What are important factors of competance?
-Self awareness
-Practice within your boundaries
-Know your limits
-Refer clients if necessary
*What is informed consent?
Clients having understanding of what they are getting into and knowing they can refuse any recommended services.
What 6 things must be done for proper informer consent?
- Goals
- Confidentiality
- Limitations
- Procedures
- Boundaries
- Record Keeping
What is confidentiality?
Basis of trust mainly about keeping things that have been said in private
What are some possible exceptions to confidentiality?
-Client is a danger to self
- if you suspect abuse of a minor, elderly or disabled person or resident of an institution
-If a court orders a helper to make records available
-If a client plans to or admits to committing a serious crime
- In emergency situations
What is “power” in a helping relationship?
Power differential inherent in all helping relationship
What is a dual relationship?
When you have both a professional and personal relationship with someone
-Ex. Friend and coworker, Correctional officer and inmate who you went to high school with
What is social justice?
The distribution of advantages and disadvantages within society
*What 3 things do reflective practitioners do?
-Use reflections to help you overcome challenging helping situations and enhance your learning
-Use reflection to help clients with backgrounds different from your own
-Use reflection to accommodate new information about yourself
*What are Perry’s stage model of cognitive development?
Dualistic
- Right vs wrong thinking
Multiplistic
-Frustrated when corrected
Relativistic
-Recognizes that certain questions/responses lead the session in a more helpful direction
*What is the legacy of Rogers?
Empathy - The ability to understand another’s feeling or world view
Congruence - Ability to be completely genuine with another person
Positive regard - Respect the personal hood of the client and believe that all persons have inherent worth
What are the 6 qualities of an effective helper?
-Positive regard
-Stable and mentally healthy
-Good self-care skills
-intelligent and psychologically minded
-Creative
-Courageous
What are the 4 types of psychological helping?
-Coaching
-Interviewing
-Counselling
-Psychotherapy
What is coaching?
A thinking partner that supports the client to achieve self-directed goals and personal development utilizing a strength-based empowerment approach
What is interviewing?
A conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee to gather and record information
What is counselling?
Helping people with “normal” problems - exploring opportunities for change. Emphasis on growth rather than dysfunction.
What is psychotherapy?
Focuses of pathology and mental disorders. Dives into deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties.
What are 6 common ways to help?
-Physically
-Financially
-Advocating at the agency level
-Advocating at the socio-political level
-Spiritually
-Psychologically
What are some common problems clients identify?
-Anger
-Addictions
-Behavioural issues
-Communication
-Employment
-Relationships
What is the key concept of a helper/client relationship?
Helpers do no do things to or for the client but work with them in a collaborative effort.
What are 2 therapeutic relationship enhancers?
-Presence - Being fully present and not distracted is a powerful relationship enhancer
-Empathy - You grasp the facts, feelings, and significance of another person’s story (from their perspective) and can convey these accurate perceptions to the client
What are 6 common factors that underlie all effective counseling theories and techniques?
-Maintaining a strong therapeutic relationship
-Activating clients motivation
-Enhancing client’s sense of competency and self-efficacy
-Providing new learning experiences
-Raising or lowering emotional arousal
-Practicing new behaviors
What are the 6 therapeutic building blocks?
-Invitational Skills - nonverbal & opening skills
-Reflecting Skills – paraphrasing (reflecting content) & reflecting feelings
-Advanced Reflecting Skills - reflecting meaning & summarizing
-Challenging Skills - giving feedback & confrontation
-Goal Setting Skills - focusing on the client & boiling down the problem
-Change Techniques - giving alternative interpretation /reframing, information, & brainstorming
What are the 5 stages of the helping process?
-Relationship Building
-Assessment
-Goal Setting (Treatment or Case Planning)
-Intervention & Action
-Outcome Evaluation/Reflection
What are some ways you can increase you cultural competence?
-Demonstrate your willingness to meet others at least halfway by learning a few phrases in their language.
-Talk to people familiar with the culture about respectful communication, common communication traps, etc.
-Adapt your behavior-don’t expect others to adapt to you.
-Use TV/movies/online sources to learn about issues & norms.
-Check your understanding with that of others.
-Don’t be afraid to apologize.
-Reflect on your experience.
What are 4 ways to culturally adapt an interview for your client?
-Establish a strong therapeutic relationship and let client know you respect them.
-Adapt your treatment to a specific ethno-cultural group, not to all culturally different clients.
-React to client feedback right away and adjust the treatment accordingly. (Check-in with client.)
-Use methods that are appropriate and acceptable within your client’s culture.
What are 7 aspects of diversity?
-Ethnicity
-Gender
-Socioeconomic status
-Age
-Nationality
-Sexual identity
-Marital status
What are the 2 non-verbal skills?
-Active Listening
-Body Language
What 4 things need to be done to have effective active listening?
-The need to communicate & be understood is central to the helping relationship
-Need to attend & encourage without intruding on the client’s telling of the story
-Fight the impulse to run in & “fix”…
-Put your concerns, questions, theories on the back burner, & let the client tell their tale
What are the 2 forms of noise that make active listening difficult?
-External noise (environment, people, distractions, etc)
-Internal noise (thoughts, feelings, etc)
What are the 12 blocks to active listening?
- Comparing
- Mind Reading
- Rehearsing
- Filtering
- Judging
- Dreaming
- Identifying
- Advising
- Sparring
- Being Right
- Derailing
- Placating
What are 7 things that contribute to nonverbal communication?
-Eye contact
-Body position
-Attentive Silence
-Voice tone
-Facial expressions and gestures
-Physical distance
-Touching and warmth
What are 5 outcomes of using attending skills?
-Clients to talk more freely
-Fewer eye contact breaks
-A smoother vocal tone
-A more complete story with fewer topic jumps
-More comfortable client body language
What are the steps of informed consent?
- Goals
- Confidentiality
- Limitations
- Procedures
- Boundaries
- Record Keeping
What are 6 factors of door openers?
-Non-coercive invitation to talk
-Open questions
-Signals availability
-Encourages exploration & discussion
-Positive, nonjudgmental response
-Encourages client to begin conversations, expand, & time for helper to formulate response
When would you use a closed question?
Ask for specific information and usually require a short factual response
When would you use an open question?
Perceived as more helpful, less coercive, elicits more information, enhances relationship, allows client to refuse to answer
What do open questions usually start with?
What?
How?
Why?
Could?
What are the 3 advantages of open questions?
-Flexible
-Client centered
-Encourages the client to provide additional information
What are the 2 disadvantages of open questions?
-May be harder to formulate
-Answers may be lengthy/unfocused
How do closed questions usually start?
Who?
When?
Where?
Is?
Are?
Do?
What are 3 advantages to closed questions?
-Very specific
-Can close down a “chatty” client
-Allows the interviewer to stay on task/in control
What are 2 disadvantages of closed questions?
-May be seen as interrogation
-Client may be resistant/reluctant to answer
What is paraphrasing?
Express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity
What are 3 different components of a client’s message?
-Facts and Thoughts (Cognitive)
-Feelings (Emotional)
-Underlying/Hidden Messages (Existential)
What are the 2 steps to paraphrasing?
-Listening carefully to the client’s story
-Feeding back to the client a condensed, nonjudgmental version of the facts and thoughts
What are the 4 steps to creating a proper paraphrase?
-Choose a sentence stem
-Choose the clients key words
-Restate the conversation essence
-Check for accuracy
What are 3 things paraphrasing allow you to do?
-let the client know you both hear and understand what they are saying.
-check for accuracy
-direct and track the flow of the interview
What are 5 common problems with paraphrasing?
-Simply reciting the facts
-Difficulty hearing stories because of “noise”
-Worrying about what to say next
-Being judgmental of the client
-Siding with the client
What are minimal encouragers?
Minimal encouragers are small signals that let the speaker know you are listening and understanding – words like “uh-huh”, “yes”, “no”, “mmm”, and little actions like nodding that show you are engaged in listening.
What are 4 potential problems for Councillors?
-Inaccurate Interpretation
-Difficult Clients and Paraphrasing
-Noise
-Personal Value Judgments
