coronaviridae

Question 1

coronaviridae 1 a /1 b

Answer 1

feline enteric coronavirus, canine coronavirus, transmissable gastroenteritis virus of swine, porcine respiratory coronvirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus 1 b

Question 2

2a

Answer 2

procine hemagglutiniating encephalomyelitis, mouse hepatitis virus, sialodacryoadenitis virus of rats, bovine coronavirus

Question 3

2b

Answer 3

SARS

Question 4

3

Answer 4

avian infectious bronchitis, turkey coronavirus, bluecomb virus

Question 5

coronaviridae general

Answer 5

enveloped, large club spikes, icosahedral internal core structure with helical nucleocapsid (coronavirus) or tightly could tubular nucleocapsid bent into donut shape (torovirus) single molecule of linear, positive sense, single stranded RNA
replication in cytoplasm and budding from ER released by exocytosis

Question 6

transmissable gastroenteritis in pigs (TGE)

Answer 6

highly infectious, vomitting dehydration, diarrhea, high mortality in pigs, other pigs susceptible OIE B list
TGE causative agent belongs to coronavirus
2 forms epidemic and endemic

Question 7

endemic TGE

Answer 7

when virus persists in a partially immune heard, due to concurrent porcine resp coronavirus infection; less sever and lower morbidity and mortality

Question 8

TGE transmission

Answer 8

TGE in USA

transmission-FO most likely

Question 9

epidemic form

Answer 9

when virus is first introduced into susceptible herd and is observed in the winter; rapid speed-high morbidity and mortality

Question 10

Path TGE

Answer 10

infects intestinal villa and causes atrophy and malabsorption or shows blunting and fusion of villi, both resulting in diarrhea

Question 11

Transmissable TGE

Answer 11

incubation 24-48hrs
onset sudden
signs= profuse diarrhea, vomiting, severe depression and dehydration, watery/yellow stool, feces may contain undigested milk, distended intestine. dilated stomach, bloated gut

Question 12

TGE Dx

Answer 12

necropsy and histopath, Fluorescence stain, immunohistochemistry, detection of nucleic acid by RT PCR

Question 13

TGE control

Answer 13

isolation of sows due to farrow, don’t sell and purchase breeding stock, partial culling, biosecurity measures implemented, all in/all out management, complete depopulation and establishment of new herd, vaccination of pregnant sows and neonatal pigs

Question 14

porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)

Answer 14

coronavirus group 1b, clinical signs similar to TGE, fecal oral spread, acute outbreaks of diarrhea, vomiting with high morbidity and variable mortality

Question 15

Porcine Hemagglutination encephalomyelitis ((vomiting and wasting disease in pigs) VWD)

Answer 15

if virus present then will bind to RBC.
aerosol contact-replication in nasal mucosa, replication in lungs, tonsils, small intestine, spread peripheral and central CNS replication in central CNS leads to acute encephalomyelitis
also leads to vomiting and malnutrition leaden to wasting

Question 16

VWD clinical findings of vomiting and wasting form

Answer 16

repeated retching and vomiting, rapid emaciation, neonatal pigs become dehydrated, cyanotic and comatose and die, anterior abdomen distended from impaired emptying and accumulation of gas

Question 17

VWD encephalomyelitic

Answer 17

non suppurative enceph.

Question 18

bovine coronavirus in calves

Answer 18

causes diarrhea 1 daya-3 mo of age, more common in winter months, fecal oral transmission, infects and replicates in villi and causes atrophy resulting in diarrhea (frequent major symptoms causing explosive outbreaks), other milder form of respiratory infection by aerosol causes tracheitis and rhinitis

Question 19

bovine coronavirus treatment

Answer 19

commercial K99 vaccines using E.col, vaccinate healthy pregnant heifers, leads wot more protective antibodies triggering passive immunity in colostrum

Question 20

winter dysentary in cows

Answer 20

common in mature lactating cows, young cattle may be infected but normally exhibit mild clinical signs, fecal oral transmission, sudden explosive diarrhea, green/black feces, dehydration, decline in milk production, some coughing

Question 21

FIP

Answer 21

highly immune mediated disease of cats, triggered by systemic Feline coronavirus, enigmatic (poorly understood biologically) , transmission can be fecal oral or transplacental, can result in resistant, transient (mild diarrhea), or persistent carriers

Question 22

FIP hypotheses

Answer 22

either the cat contracts avirulent form or virulent form or the cat has both forms circulating at once

Question 23

results of cell mediated response in FIP

Answer 23

strong response-> prevention of FIP
weak response Cell mediated with strong hummoral-> wet FIP, peritonitis, plueritis, vasculitis, ascites, glomerulonephritis, intermediate response-> dry form small granulomas, ocular lesions, CNS involvement

Question 24

FIPV

Answer 24

replicate mostly in monocytes and macrophages, infection disseminated after activating macrophages, antibody dependent enhancement where the wet form is more infectious withe deja and vasculitis

Question 25

FIP wet form signs

Answer 25

distended abdome, diffuse peritonitis, ascites, pyogranulomatous foci on serosal surface, sebrinous pleuritis, thoracic effusion, pyogranulomatous omentum

Question 26

FIP dry form

Answer 26

granulomatous inflammation and enlarged mesenteric lymoh nodes, pyogranulomatous kidney, granulomatous meningoencephalitis, granulomatous uveitis, kertatic precipitates

Question 27

FIP Dx

Answer 27

Rivalta test-if drop disappears the neg

if drop stays then FIP + ; ELISA, IFA, but these won’t differentiate between strains

Question 28

FIP prevention

Answer 28

Vaccine is intranasal, but not recommended

Question 29

avian infectious bronchitis

Answer 29

common, highly contagious, acute, economically important, S protein is significant because variation leads to antigenic variation, some serotypes are called protoectotypes and have the ability to protect other serotypes , tropism in resp. but also enterotropic neprhotropic uterotropic and pro ventricular

Question 30

IBV transmisson

Answer 30

aerosol, direct contact, contaminated wage, or food ; can come from coughing, feces, and egg surface, can cause decline in egg production

Question 31

IBV resp dZ

Answer 31

severe inflammation makes it hard to breath, causes depression, gasping, dyspnea

Question 32

IBV Nephritis

Answer 32

white irate deposits, visceral gout, irate also on heart, kidney, kidneys swollen, distended ureter, kidney stones

Question 33

IBV repro effects

Answer 33

soft shells, discolored eggs, albumen thin and watery, involuted flaccid ovarian follicles, stunting, dwarf embryo

Question 34

IBV control

Answer 34

live vaccines in broilers, Massachusetts has own vaccine,

inactivated vaccine for layers and breeders

Question 35

toroviruses

Answer 35

bovine torovirus-cause gastroenteritis, donut shaped nucleocapsid, fecal oral transmission, causes diarrhea, infects epithelial cells of lower half of villi and colon and cecum