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Cardiovascular System > Coronary vessels, nerves and Pericardium > Flashcards

Coronary vessels, nerves and Pericardium Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the path of the right coronary artery and its branches

A
  • Long artery which extends down the right anterior and travels to the posterior to become the posterior interventricular artery
  • Gives off marginal artery on the anterior
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1
Q

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate from?

A

-The right and left aortic sinuses

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2
Q

Describe the path of the left coronary artery and its branches

A

-The left coronary artery is short as it branches early dividing into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending (anterior interventricular artery)

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3
Q

What nerve lays most lateral to the heart and is anterior to the pericardium?

A

-Phrenic nerves (left and right)

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4
Q

What nerve lies directly at either side of the trachea?

A

-Recurrent pharangeal nerves (left and right)

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5
Q

Recurrent pharangeal nerves branch off…

A

-the vagus nerve

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6
Q

What structure does the left recurrent pharangeal nerve loop around?

A

-The aorta

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7
Q

What structure does the right recurrent pharangeal nerve loop around?

A

-Right subclavian artery

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8
Q

Which nerve lies posterior to the heart and passes through the diaphragm to supply the gut?

A

-The left and right vagus nerves

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9
Q

What happens to the phrenic nerves?

A

-They merge with the diaphragm

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10
Q

What does the arch of the aorta branch into?

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid
  • Left subclavian
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11
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A
  • Right common carotid

- Right subclavian

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12
Q

What does the right coronary artery become on the posterior of the heart?

A

-Posterior interventricular artery

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13
Q

What two veins are on the anterior of the heart?

A
  • Anterior cardiac vein

- Great cardiac vein

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14
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

A

-Carry deoxygenated blood from the RV to the lungs

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15
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

A

-Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the LA

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16
Q

What are the flaps called on the atria?

A

-Right and left auricles

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17
Q

What veins lie on the posterior of the heart?

A
  • Left marginal vein
  • Left posterior interventricular vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Small cardiac vein
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18
Q

What do all the coronary veins drain into?

A

-Coronary sinus

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19
Q

Whee does the coronary sinus drain into?

A

-Right atrium

20
Q

What drains into the right atrium?

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Coronary sinus
  • Small tributary veins
21
Q

What is the first branch off the superior vena cava?

A

-Left brachiocephalic vein

22
Q

What is he pericardium?

A

-Fibrous sac which encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels

23
Q

What are the main functions of the pericardium?

A
  • Protection from infection
  • Prevent overfilling and excessive movement
  • Lubrication
24
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A
  • Fibous

- Serous

25
Q

Which layer of the pericardium is the outermost layer?

A

-Fibrous

26
Q

Describe the fibrous pericardial layer

A
  • Tough and strong
  • Blends with sternum and diaphragm
  • Fuses with tunica adventitia of great vessels
27
Q

What cell type makes up the serous layer of the pericardium?

A

-Mesothelium

28
Q

How thick is the serous layer of the pericardium?

A

-1 cell thick

29
Q

What are the two layers of the serous layer of the pericardium?

A
  • Parietal

- Visceral

30
Q

Where is the parietal layer of pericardium?

A

-Lining the fibrous layer

31
Q

Are the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium connected?

A

-Yes they are continuous, the serous membrane is reflected by the roots and viscera

32
Q

Where is the visceral layer of pericardium?

A

-Closely applied to the heart

33
Q

What is another name for the visceral layer of serous pericardium?

A

-Epicardium

34
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

-The space between the two layers of the serous pericardium

35
Q

What is the purpose of the pericardial cavity?

A

-Filled with pericardial fluid to promote friction free movement

36
Q

What is a pericardial effusion?

A

-Increase in fluid within the pericardial cavity

37
Q

When can a pericardial effusion be less dangerous?

A

-When the build up of fluid has been gradual so the heart has been able to compensate

38
Q

When is a pericardial effusion most dangerous?

A

-When the build up of fluid is sudden as it can lead to cardiac tamponade

39
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A
  • Build up of fluid or blood around the heart within the pericardial sac
  • Causes compression of heart which leads to inadequate filling and inadequate pumping
40
Q

What are the potential outcomes of cardiac tamponade?

A
  • Heart failure
  • Drop in blood pressure
  • Cardiac arrest
41
Q

What are the classical diagnostic features of a cardiac tamponade?

A

Beck’s triad

  • Dilated neck veins
  • Fall in blood pressure
  • Muffled heart sounds
42
Q

Where does the right coronary artery serve?

A

-Right anterior surface

43
Q

What does the posterior interventricular artery serve?

A
  • Posterior ventricles
  • Septum
  • AVN
44
Q

How can the left coronary artery be identified on a prosection?

A

-Passes between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle

45
Q

What do the left coronary artery and its branches serve?

A
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Septum
46
Q

What happens to the anterior interventricular artery?

A

-Continues to the apex of the heart where it travels to the posterior and anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery

47
Q

What is meant by left handed-dominance when talking about coronary arteries?

A

-The posterior interventricular artery arises from the circumflex artery of the left coronary artery

48
Q

What is meant by co-dominance when discussing coronary arteries?

A

-Both the left and the right coronary arteries contribute to the posterior interventricular artery

Cardiovascular System (19 decks)

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