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Med Surge > Coronary Artery Disease > Flashcards

Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main coronary arteries

A

Right & Left

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2
Q

What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery

A

Anterior descending and left circumflex

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3
Q

What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery

A

right posterior descending and marginal branch

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4
Q

What coronary vessel dumps deoxygenated blood from coronary circulation into the right atrium?

A

Coronary Sinus

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5
Q

What is the most firmly established risk factor for CAD?

A

Elevated serum lipids

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6
Q

What are the most widely used cholesterol lowering drugs?

A

Statins

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7
Q

What do statins do?

A

Restrict lipoprotein production

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8
Q

What is an effective cholesterol lowering drug that restricts lipoprotein production?

A

Niacin

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9
Q

What are some side effects associated with Niacin?

A

Flushing and Puritis-itching of the skin

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages of CAD & ages of onset?

A

Fatty Streak-15
Fibrous Plaque-30
Complicated lesion-over 30

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11
Q

The amount of blood pumped y each ventricle in one minute

A

Cardiac Output

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12
Q

The peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle pumps

A

Afterload

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13
Q

The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole before the next contraction

A

Preload

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14
Q

Unpredictable and unrelieved by rest

A

Unstable angina

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15
Q

Usually precipitated by exertion. Myocardial ischemia is temporary, reversible and controlled by medication

A

Chronic stable angina

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16
Q

Caused by prolonged and complete coronary occlusion

A

ST segment elevation MI

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17
Q

Usually occurs in response to coronary arterial spasm

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

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18
Q

Caused by transient or incomplete coronary occlusion

A

Non ST segment elevation MI

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19
Q

Ischemia that is prolonged and not immediately reversible. Plaque becomes unstable

A

Acute coronary syndrome

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20
Q

Vasodilator that relieves angina pain by decreasing O2 demand and increasing O2 supply. Can be supplied sublingually

A

Nitroglycerine

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21
Q

Aspirin is an example of this

A

Antiplatelet

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22
Q

Acts as an analgesic and sedative. Relieves anxiety and cardiac workload

A

Morphine sulfate

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23
Q

Used for those at high risk for a cardiac event

A

ACE inhibitors

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24
Q

Minimizes bradycardia from vagal stimulation from straining

A

Stool softeners

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25
Q

Usually used to treat Prinmetal’s angina

A

Calcium channel blockers

26
Q

Prevents clots from forming by blocking fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Heparin

27
Q

Decreases tendency for platelets to aggregate

A

Antiplatelet

28
Q

Inhibits liver synthesis of vitamin K

A

Coumadin

29
Q

Blocks conversion of Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2

A

Ace inhibitors

30
Q

Contraindicated for those with asthma

A

B-andrenergic blockers

31
Q

Requires PT and INR labs

A

Coumadin

32
Q

Blocks the angiotensin receptors

A

Ace blockers

33
Q

Requires PTT and APTT labs

A

Heparin

34
Q

Produces systemic vasodilation, decrease myocardial contractility

A

Calcium channel blockers

35
Q

May initially potentiate the action of digoxin. Grapefruit juice may inhibit metabolism

A

Calcium channel blockers

36
Q

A patient with stable angina taking nitro comes in complaining of chest pain. What are some of the signs and symptoms that would lead you to suspect an MI

A

Skin is pale, clammy and cool, Nausea, vomiting, fever, crushing chest pain that is not relieved by rest or nitro

37
Q

What component of blood work is most clearly indicative of a MI

A

Troponin

38
Q

When caring for a patient after a cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography, what would be most concerning to the nurse?

A

Absence of pulses distal to the catheter insertion site

39
Q

Surgical construction of new vessels to carry blood beyond obstructed coronary artery is called

A

CABG

40
Q

Anticoagulation is required after this procedure

A

Stent placement

41
Q

A structure is applied to hold vessels open during this procedure

A

Stent placement

42
Q

This is the most common alternative to a coronary artery bypass graft

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)

43
Q

During this procedure saline is injected into vessel to dissolve clot

A

Angiojet

44
Q

During this procedure, atherosclerotic plaque is compressed using a balloon.

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

45
Q

Minimally invasive procedure that removes atherosclerosis from large blood vessels. Usually used to treat peripheral artery disease

A

Artherectomy

46
Q

Evaluation of ECG responses to normal activity over a period of a day or two is performed with

A

Holter monitoring

47
Q

What are the risks of cardiac cath?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias tamponade, trauma to artery, hypotension, allergy to contract medium, stroke, heart attack

48
Q

What are the 3 veins used to bypass blockages in coronary arteries during CABG

A

Radial, Saphenous, Mammary

49
Q

The nurse explains to the patient who is to undergo a coronary artery bypass graft that the procedure most often involves

A

Loosening the internal mammary artery from the chest wall and attaching it to a coronary artery distal to the stenosis.

50
Q

What is the order of the action potential along the conduction system of the heart?

A

SA node, Right and left atrial cells, AV node, Bundle of HIS, Right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

51
Q

Time of impulse spread from the SA node to ventricles

A

PR interval

52
Q

Repolarization of the ventricles (rest and recovery of ventricles)

A

T wave

53
Q

Atrial depolarization from SA node throughout Atria

A

P wave

54
Q

Time of depolarization and repolarization of ventricles (total ventricular activity)

A

QT interval

55
Q

Depolarization of ventricles (contraction of ventricles)

A

QRS interval

56
Q

Impulses sent outside the normal electrical conduction system

A

ectopic beats

57
Q

A change in this may indicate myocardial damage (becomes elevated or depressed)

A

ST segment

58
Q

Most common cardiac arrhythmia

A

A-Fib

59
Q

No organized electrical activity. No cardiac output. CPR must be initiated

A

Ventricular fibrillation

60
Q

A life threatening rhythm due to low CO

A

Ventricular tachycardia

61
Q

Irregular rhythm. QRS wave may be wide and bizarre looking. No treatment is needed for this unless patient has symptoms

A

PVC’s

Med Surge (3 decks)

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