Coronary artery circulation Flashcards
finish the sentence
coronary arteries supply the …… with O2
myocardium
where does the left coronary artery arise from
aorta , above the left cusp of the aortic valve
where does the right coronary artery originate from
above right cusp of aortic valve and travels down right coronary sulcus towards the crux of the heart
what does the left coronary artery branch into
left anterior descending artery LAD
Left circumflex artery - left marginal artery is a branch of artery
right coronary artery branches into what
PDA - posterior descending artery - right dominant
right marginal artery
posterior inter ventricular artery
where does the right coronary artery supply
RV, RA, and SA and AV nodes which regulate the heart rhythm
what are the papillary muscles and where are they located
The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).
where does the left marginal artery supply
left ventricle
where does the right marginal artery supply
right ventricle and the apex
where does the left circumflex artery supply
left atrium and posteriolateral left ventricle, anterolateral papillary muscle , SA node
where does the left anterior descending artery supply
supplies the right venticle, left ventricle and antihero 2/3 of interventricualar septum
what does the posterior interventricualr artery supply
supplies right and left ventricles and the poster 1/3 interventricular septum, papillary muscle to tricuspid and mitral valves
what does the left coronary artery supply
LAD, LCX and left marginal
what is the coronary sinus
a collection of veins joining together, draining blood from myocardium
where does the coronary sinus drain into
Drains into RA at coronary sinus orifice (between IVC and tricuspid valve)
there are 5 tributaries which drain into the coronary sinus - what are they
great cardiac vein - apex to interventicrular groove
small cardiac vein - anterior right side
middle cardiac vein - posterior surface
final two on psoteiro side of the heart
left marginal vein
left posterior ventricular vein
How is an electric signal conducted
SAN generates impulses these pause at AVnode and then the atrioventricular bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
the bundle branches conduct the impulses through the interventricualr septum
the purkinje fibres depolarise the contractile cells of both ventricles
Electrical signals arising in the SA node (in the
RA) stimulate the atria to contract (1)
Then the signals travel to the atrioventricular node (in the interatrial septum) (2)
After a delay, the electrical signal
diverges and is conducted through the
left and right bundle of His (3)
To the respective Purkinje Fibres
These signals are generated rhythmically, which in turn
results in the coordinated rhythmic contraction and relaxation
of the heart.
chemoreceptors near bifurcation of carotid artery. Detect changes in pp02 and ppCO2.
where are these found ?
feedback via what nerve
carotid body
glossopharyngeal nerve
chemoreceptors in aortic arch, sends feedback via afferent branches of vagus nerve.
are found where
aortic body
baroreceptors at base of internal carotid artery, innervated by a branch of glossopharyngeal.
are found where
carotid sinus
autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure is controlled by what nerves
parasympathetic - vagus
symptrtheic - accelerator nerves
what is the p wave
atrial depolarisation
QRS complex
ventricular depolarisation
t wave
ventricular repolarisation
In ECG electrodes have to be placed in contact with the skin - the lead = vector - limb less a bipolar and chest leads are unipolar
what planes are both the limb leads and chest leads placed in
coronal plane for limb leads
chest leads for the transverse plane
which leads look at septal aspect
right leads - V1-2 interventricular septum and RV
which leads look at the anterior wall of left ventricle
V3-4
which leads look at the lateral aspect of the heart
V5-6
High lateral leads 1 and AVL
which leads look at the inferior aspect
II,III and AVF
which arteries supply the septal aspect
Septal aspect LAD (anterior 2/3)
which artier supply the anterior aspect
LAD
which arteries supply the lateral aspect
LCX
which arteries supply the inferior aspect
RCA
percutaneous coronary angioplasty
with a stent -non surgical procedure that sed catheter to place a stent to open up blood vessels in the heart that may have been narrowed by plaque buildup - atherosclerosis - this improves blood flow thus decreasing heart related Chest pain
PCI is used primarily to open a blocked coronary artery
(treat stenosis) and restore arterial blood flow to heart tissue
Coronary Catheterisation (visualise the vessels on xray)
Coronary Angioplasty (balloon inflation to treat narrowing)
Stenting (keep vessel open)
Primary PCI- urgent use in patients with acute MI
if a catheter was inserted where would it pass through what vessels from skin lesion to LAD
radial artery , brachial artery , axiillary artery , subclavian artery, aorta , LCA , LAD
or
femoral artery , external iliac artery , common iliac artery , aorta , LCA , LAD
blockage of what artery is known as the widow maker
left coronary very or LAD - usually fatal - most commonly occluded - blood supply to interventricualr septum and thus bundle branches of the conducting system
what are the 2 main CABG surgeries to restore coronary artery blood flow
Left internal mammary artery,(LIMA) is diverted to the LAD (pedicle- not detached from the origin)
The great saphenous vein is removed from a leg, one end is attached to the aorta and the other end is attached to the obstructed artery immediately after the obstruction to restore blood flow.
