Coronary artery circulation

Question 1

finish the sentence

coronary arteries supply the …… with O2

Answer 1

myocardium

Question 2

where does the left coronary artery arise from

Answer 2

aorta , above the left cusp of the aortic valve

Question 3

where does the right coronary artery originate from

Answer 3

above right cusp of aortic valve and travels down right coronary sulcus towards the crux of the heart

Question 4

what does the left coronary artery branch into

Answer 4

left anterior descending artery LAD

Left circumflex artery - left marginal artery is a branch of artery

Question 5

right coronary artery branches into what

Answer 5

PDA - posterior descending artery - right dominant

right marginal artery

posterior inter ventricular artery

Question 6

where does the right coronary artery supply

Answer 6

RV, RA, and SA and AV nodes which regulate the heart rhythm

Question 7

what are the papillary muscles and where are they located

Answer 7

The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).

Question 8

where does the left marginal artery supply

Answer 8

left ventricle

Question 9

where does the right marginal artery supply

Answer 9

right ventricle and the apex

Question 10

where does the left circumflex artery supply

Answer 10

left atrium and posteriolateral left ventricle, anterolateral papillary muscle , SA node

Question 11

where does the left anterior descending artery supply

Answer 11

supplies the right venticle, left ventricle and antihero 2/3 of interventricualar septum

Question 12

what does the posterior interventricualr artery supply

Answer 12

supplies right and left ventricles and the poster 1/3 interventricular septum, papillary muscle to tricuspid and mitral valves

Question 13

what does the left coronary artery supply

Answer 13

LAD, LCX and left marginal

Question 14

what is the coronary sinus

Answer 14

a collection of veins joining together, draining blood from myocardium

Question 15

where does the coronary sinus drain into

Answer 15

Drains into RA at coronary sinus orifice (between IVC and tricuspid valve)

Question 16

there are 5 tributaries which drain into the coronary sinus - what are they

Answer 16

great cardiac vein - apex to interventicrular groove
small cardiac vein - anterior right side
middle cardiac vein - posterior surface

final two on psoteiro side of the heart
left marginal vein
left posterior ventricular vein

Question 17

How is an electric signal conducted

Answer 17

SAN generates impulses these pause at AVnode and then the atrioventricular bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
the bundle branches conduct the impulses through the interventricualr septum
the purkinje fibres depolarise the contractile cells of both ventricles

Electrical signals arising in the SA node (in the
RA) stimulate the atria to contract (1)

Then the signals travel to the 
atrioventricular node (in the interatrial septum) (2)

After a delay, the electrical signal
diverges and is conducted through the
left and right bundle of His (3)

To the respective Purkinje Fibres

These signals are generated rhythmically, which in turn
results in the coordinated rhythmic contraction and relaxation
of the heart.

Question 18

chemoreceptors near bifurcation of carotid artery. Detect changes in pp02 and ppCO2.
where are these found ?
feedback via what nerve

Answer 18

carotid body

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 19

chemoreceptors in aortic arch, sends feedback via afferent branches of vagus nerve.
are found where

Answer 19

aortic body

Question 20

baroreceptors at base of internal carotid artery, innervated by a branch of glossopharyngeal.

are found where

Answer 20

carotid sinus

Question 21

autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure is controlled by what nerves

Answer 21

parasympathetic - vagus

symptrtheic - accelerator nerves

Question 22

what is the p wave

Answer 22

atrial depolarisation

Question 23

QRS complex

Answer 23

ventricular depolarisation

Question 24

t wave

Answer 24

ventricular repolarisation

Question 25

In ECG electrodes have to be placed in contact with the skin - the lead = vector - limb less a bipolar and chest leads are unipolar
what planes are both the limb leads and chest leads placed in

Answer 25

coronal plane for limb leads

chest leads for the transverse plane

Question 26

which leads look at septal aspect

Answer 26

right leads - V1-2 interventricular septum and RV

Question 27

which leads look at the anterior wall of left ventricle

Answer 27

V3-4

Question 28

which leads look at the lateral aspect of the heart

Answer 28

V5-6

High lateral leads 1 and AVL

Question 29

which leads look at the inferior aspect

Answer 29

II,III and AVF

Question 30

which arteries supply the septal aspect

Answer 30

Septal aspect LAD (anterior 2/3)

Question 31

which artier supply the anterior aspect

Answer 31

LAD

Question 32

which arteries supply the lateral aspect

Answer 32

LCX

Question 33

which arteries supply the inferior aspect

Answer 33

RCA

Question 34

percutaneous coronary angioplasty

Answer 34

with a stent -non surgical procedure that sed catheter to place a stent to open up blood vessels in the heart that may have been narrowed by plaque buildup - atherosclerosis - this improves blood flow thus decreasing heart related Chest pain

PCI is used primarily to open a blocked coronary artery
(treat stenosis) and restore arterial blood flow to heart tissue

Coronary Catheterisation (visualise the vessels on xray)

Coronary Angioplasty (balloon inflation to treat narrowing)

Stenting (keep vessel open)

Primary PCI- urgent use in patients with acute MI

Question 35

if a catheter was inserted where would it pass through what vessels from skin lesion to LAD

Answer 35

radial artery , brachial artery , axiillary artery , subclavian artery, aorta , LCA , LAD

or

femoral artery , external iliac artery , common iliac artery , aorta , LCA , LAD

Question 36

blockage of what artery is known as the widow maker

Answer 36

left coronary very or LAD - usually fatal - most commonly occluded - blood supply to interventricualr septum and thus bundle branches of the conducting system

Question 37

what are the 2 main CABG surgeries to restore coronary artery blood flow

Answer 37

Left internal mammary artery,(LIMA) is diverted to the LAD (pedicle- not detached from the origin)

The great saphenous vein is removed from a leg, one end is attached to the aorta and the other end is attached to the obstructed artery immediately after the obstruction to restore blood flow.