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Anatomy MD3001 > Coronary arteries > Flashcards

Coronary arteries Flashcards

1
Q

where does the endocardium get its nutrients and oxygen from?

A

the blood in the chambers

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2
Q

Where do the coronary arteries emerge from?

A

the aortic sinuses

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3
Q

When do the coronary arteries fill?

A

During diastole

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4
Q

Describe the right coronary arteries and its branches

A

ANTERIOR
• gives off the SA nodal branch, the right atrial branch, right marginal branch
POSTERIOR:
• (R marginal), posterior inter ventricular (in 80% of peeps)

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5
Q

Describe the left coronary arteries and its branches

A
  • Left coronary artery branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery
  • Circumflex branches off the left obtuse marginal branch
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6
Q

What surface of the heart is supplied by the right coronary artery and its branches?

A

The inferior surface

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7
Q

What surface of the heart is supplied by the left coronary artery and its branches?

A

The sternocostal/anterior surface

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8
Q

Where do the left and right coronary arteries anastomose?

A

• In the coronary sulcus at the apex

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9
Q

What does the right coronary artery and its branches supply?

A
  • RA
  • RV
  • Sino atrial node
  • Atrioventricular node
  • Small areas of the LV, LA,
  • posterior part of the interventricular septum (membranous part)
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10
Q

What does the left coronary artery and its branches supply?

A
  • Left Atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Most of the IV septum
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11
Q

Obstruction of the LAD

A
  • Anterior infarct

* Loss of function of the left ventricle leading to fibrillation of the left ventricle leading to death

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12
Q

Obstruction of the circumflex artery

A

• Lateral infarct

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13
Q

Obstruction of the right coronary artery

A

• Inferior infarct

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14
Q

Mild narrowing of the right coronary artery

A
  • Arrythmias

* Supply to the nodal branches is compromised

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15
Q

Mild narrowing of the coronary arteries in general

A

• May damage the conducting system causing bradycardia

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16
Q

What are the ways to treat atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries?

A

• Coronary artery bypass graft

  • Suture in a vessel over the blockage
  • internal thoracic artery
  • great saphenous vein — VALVES!!!

• Coronary angioplasty

  • with/without a stent
  • anticoagulation medicine
  • percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
17
Q

In a coronary angiogram, why should the patient turn sideways?

A

• Because of the sternal shadow

18
Q

If viewing the left coronary artery and its branches in the coronary angiogram, what position are you viewing

A

Right anterior oblique view

19
Q

What determines coronary dominance?

A

Which artery gives off the posterior inter ventricular artery

20
Q

What are the cardiac veins?

A
  • Great - with the LAD
  • Small - accompanied by the right marginal artery
  • Middle
  • Anterior
21
Q

Which of the cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus?

A
  • Great cardiac

* Middle cardiac

22
Q

What is the coronary sinus surrounded by?

A

Muscle from the right atrium

23
Q

Describe the cardiac conduction systems

A
  • 2 networks of muscle fibres separated by the fibrous skeleton: Atrial and ventricular
  • Specialsied, modified cardiac muscles directly underneath the endocardium, they distribute the impulse throughout the myocardium and generate electrical impulses without the external stimuli
24
Q

What are the components of the cardiac conduction system?

A
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Bundle of HIS and the left and right bundle branches
  • Purkinjie fibres
25
Q

Where is the Sino-atrial node?

A

Anterior to the opening of the superior vena cava, upper end of crista terminalis

26
Q

Where is the AV node?

A

• Postero-inferior part of the IA septum, close to the opening of the coronary sinus

27
Q

Where is the right bundle branch?

A

In the septomarginal trabecula

28
Q

Describe the nerves to the heart

A

• Cardioacceleratory and cardio inhibitory centres in the medullary reticular formation
• Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
- inferior to the aortic arch, adjacent to the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk and trachea
- supplies the conduction system: myocardium, coronary blood vessels
• Presynaptic sympathetic fibres T1-5 (6)
- increase heart rate and contraction
- dilate the coronary arteries
• Parasympathetic fibres reach in the vagus
- decrease the heart beat and contraction
- constrict coronary arteries
• General visceral afferents

29
Q

What occurring to the organs causes pain?

A

• Stretching
• Ischaemia
• contraction
Visceral nerves that travel with the sympathetics are responsible

Anatomy MD3001 (13 decks)

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