Core Test 1: key terms, health professionals job descriptions, nutrients, water, dietary fibre, protein, fat and carbs.

Question 1

What is the source?

Answer 1

food a nutrient is found in.

Question 2

what is the function?

Answer 2

job nutrient has in the body.

Question 3

what is a diet?

Answer 3

food we eat on day to day basis.

Question 4

what is a nutrient?

Answer 4

substance found in food that has specific function in body.

Question 5

what is deficiency?

Answer 5

not getting enough of a nutrient.

Question 6

what is excess?

Answer 6

getting too much of a nutrient.

Question 7

what is food?

Answer 7

anything we eat and drink.

Question 8

what is nutrition?

Answer 8

study of food + its effects on the body.

Question 9

what does a GP do?

Answer 9

first point of contact for patients with health concerns. Carries out tests, diagnoses illness + disease, prescribes suitable treatments + refers patients for specialists help.

Question 10

what does a dietician do?

Answer 10

gives advice to individuals + groups about their diet. advises caterers in hospitals + nursing homes about menus, researches links between food + its effects on the body.

Question 11

what does a specialist nurse do?

Answer 11

usually works alongside doctors in hospitals, health clinics etc, advises + monitors patients. has detailed training. supports patients with specific diet related conditions such as diabetes + high blood pressure.

Question 12

names the five main nutrients/ groups of nutrients.

Answer 12

Protein, fat, carbohydrates eg starchy + sugary, vitamins eg c, minerals eg iron + calcium. In additions we also need water + dietary fibre to function properly.

Question 13

how much of the human body is water?

Answer 13

70%

Question 14

how much water do women need?

Answer 14

1.6 litres of fluid per day = 8 200ml glasses

Question 15

how much water do men need?

Answer 15

2 litres fluid per day= 10 200ml glasses.

Question 16

name 4 causes of dehydration.

Answer 16

excessive sweating in high temperatures
excessive sweating during exercise
vomiting + diarrhoea
low fluid intake

Question 17

give 4 symptoms of dehydration

Answer 17

headache, tiredness, thirst, lack of concentration.

Question 18

name 6 sources (foods) of water in our diets that contribute to our water intake every day.

Answer 18

cucumber, tomato, apple, watermelon, celery, orange.

Question 19

name functions of water in the body.

Answer 19

water transports nutrients around the body
helps us get rid of waste products
helps protect + lubricate joints, eyes + throat
evaporates from skin when we get too hot, therefore helps regulate body temperature.

Question 20

name what is dietary fibre?

Answer 20

Found only in plant foods. Absorbs water, swells provide bulk to help food moving through body.

Question 21

what conditions can develop if we don’t get enough dietary fibre?

Answer 21

constipation, bowel cancer, diverticula disease.

Question 22

how much fibre should we sim to get each day?

Answer 22

30g

Question 23

name 4 good sources of fibre.

Answer 23

brown rice, whole grain pasta, whole meal bread, nuts + seeds, whole grain breakfast cereals.

Question 24

What is protein needed for?

Answer 24

Rapid growth during childhood and adolescence. Repair + maintenance of all body cells + tissues at all stages of life.

Question 25

name 5 animal sources of protein.

Answer 25

beef, pork, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, yoghurt, eggs.

Question 26

name 4 plant sources of protein.

Answer 26

soya products, kidney beans, lentils, quorn.

Question 27

if too much protein is taken what can happen?

Answer 27

damage of kidneys.

Question 28

what is fat needed for?

Answer 28

provide concentrated source of energy, insulate body, protect organs eg kidneys.

Question 29

name 4 saturated fats. (Usually from animal sources).

Answer 29

butter, cream, burgers, sausages.

Question 30

name 2 unsaturated fats ( usually from plant sources)

Answer 30

flora ( sunflower oils), olive oil.

Question 31

what can happen if too much fat is taken?

Answer 31

a diet high in saturated fat may lead to CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Too much fat of any kind may lead to OBESITY.

Question 32

what do carbohydrates do?

Answer 32

supply body with energy.

Question 33

name 5 starchy carbohydrates. (Releases slowly)

Answer 33

bread, pasta, rice, cous cous, potatoes.

Question 34

name 5 sugary carbohydrates. ( releases energy quickly)

Answer 34

Sweets, fizzy drinks eg coke, some sources eg sweet + sour, cakes + buns, biscuits.

Question 35

what happens if more starch/sugar is eaten than is required.

Answer 35

excess stored as fat in body, may lead to obesity. Excess sugar can lead to tooth decay + obesity.

Question 36

What is iron needed for?

Answer 36

To form haemoglobin.

Question 37

what does iron prevent?

Answer 37

Anemia

Question 38

What are the symptoms of anemia?

Answer 38

tired, pale.

Question 39

name the types of iron.

Answer 39

Haem iron- found in animal foods + easy to absorb. Non haem- can’t be absorbed unless vitamin c (fruit and veg)

Question 40

What is protein needed for?

Answer 40

Rapid growth during childhood and adolescence. Repair and maintenance of all body cells and tissues at all stages of life.

Question 41

What are carbohydrates needed for?

Answer 41

Energy