Core Test 1: key terms, health professionals job descriptions, nutrients, water, dietary fibre, protein, fat and carbs. Flashcards
What is the source?
food a nutrient is found in.
what is the function?
job nutrient has in the body.
what is a diet?
food we eat on day to day basis.
what is a nutrient?
substance found in food that has specific function in body.
what is deficiency?
not getting enough of a nutrient.
what is excess?
getting too much of a nutrient.
what is food?
anything we eat and drink.
what is nutrition?
study of food + its effects on the body.
what does a GP do?
first point of contact for patients with health concerns. Carries out tests, diagnoses illness + disease, prescribes suitable treatments + refers patients for specialists help.
what does a dietician do?
gives advice to individuals + groups about their diet. advises caterers in hospitals + nursing homes about menus, researches links between food + its effects on the body.
what does a specialist nurse do?
usually works alongside doctors in hospitals, health clinics etc, advises + monitors patients. has detailed training. supports patients with specific diet related conditions such as diabetes + high blood pressure.
names the five main nutrients/ groups of nutrients.
Protein, fat, carbohydrates eg starchy + sugary, vitamins eg c, minerals eg iron + calcium. In additions we also need water + dietary fibre to function properly.
how much of the human body is water?
70%
how much water do women need?
1.6 litres of fluid per day = 8 200ml glasses
how much water do men need?
2 litres fluid per day= 10 200ml glasses.
name 4 causes of dehydration.
excessive sweating in high temperatures
excessive sweating during exercise
vomiting + diarrhoea
low fluid intake
give 4 symptoms of dehydration
headache, tiredness, thirst, lack of concentration.
name 6 sources (foods) of water in our diets that contribute to our water intake every day.
cucumber, tomato, apple, watermelon, celery, orange.
name functions of water in the body.
water transports nutrients around the body
helps us get rid of waste products
helps protect + lubricate joints, eyes + throat
evaporates from skin when we get too hot, therefore helps regulate body temperature.
name what is dietary fibre?
Found only in plant foods. Absorbs water, swells provide bulk to help food moving through body.
what conditions can develop if we don’t get enough dietary fibre?
constipation, bowel cancer, diverticula disease.
how much fibre should we sim to get each day?
30g
name 4 good sources of fibre.
brown rice, whole grain pasta, whole meal bread, nuts + seeds, whole grain breakfast cereals.
What is protein needed for?
Rapid growth during childhood and adolescence. Repair + maintenance of all body cells + tissues at all stages of life.
name 5 animal sources of protein.
beef, pork, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, yoghurt, eggs.
name 4 plant sources of protein.
soya products, kidney beans, lentils, quorn.
if too much protein is taken what can happen?
damage of kidneys.
what is fat needed for?
provide concentrated source of energy, insulate body, protect organs eg kidneys.
name 4 saturated fats. (Usually from animal sources).
butter, cream, burgers, sausages.
name 2 unsaturated fats ( usually from plant sources)
flora ( sunflower oils), olive oil.
what can happen if too much fat is taken?
a diet high in saturated fat may lead to CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Too much fat of any kind may lead to OBESITY.
what do carbohydrates do?
supply body with energy.
name 5 starchy carbohydrates. (Releases slowly)
bread, pasta, rice, cous cous, potatoes.
name 5 sugary carbohydrates. ( releases energy quickly)
Sweets, fizzy drinks eg coke, some sources eg sweet + sour, cakes + buns, biscuits.
what happens if more starch/sugar is eaten than is required.
excess stored as fat in body, may lead to obesity. Excess sugar can lead to tooth decay + obesity.
What is iron needed for?
To form haemoglobin.
what does iron prevent?
Anemia
What are the symptoms of anemia?
tired, pale.
name the types of iron.
Haem iron- found in animal foods + easy to absorb.
Non haem- can’t be absorbed unless vitamin c (fruit and veg)
What is protein needed for?
Rapid growth during childhood and adolescence.
Repair and maintenance of all body cells and tissues at all stages of life.
What are carbohydrates needed for?
Energy
