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English Language: Identity > Core terminology > Flashcards

Core terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Proper nouns

A

Names of people
Names of specific places
Names of brands

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2
Q

Concrete nouns

A

Physically touch - eg: chair

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3
Q

Abstract noun

A

Concepts - eg: honesty, idea

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4
Q

Collective noun

A

A group of people - eg: a heard

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5
Q

Count nouns

A

Can be counted - eg: bars, pens

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6
Q

Mass nouns

A

Can’t be counted - eg: children, air

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7
Q

Pre-modified nouns

A

Come before the noun - eg: the dangerous animal

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8
Q

Post-modifies

A

Comes after the noun - eg: examination in progress

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9
Q

Attributive adjectives

A

Come before the noun - eg: the red balloon

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10
Q

Predictive adjectives

A

Come after the noun - eg: the music was astounding

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11
Q

Comparative

A

Adds -er, more or less

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12
Q

Superlative

A

Adds -est, most or least

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13
Q

Main verb

A

Identify the action of a sentence - eg: cooks, gave

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14
Q

Dynamic verb

A

Verbs of action / movement eg: jump, eat

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15
Q

Stative verb

A

Describing a state - eg: to be, know

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16
Q

Auxilary verb

A

Before a main verb - they give extra information

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17
Q

Primary auxiliaries

A

Do, have, be

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18
Q

Modal auxiliaires

A

Can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, may, might etc

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19
Q

Lexis

A

Vocab of a sentence

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20
Q

Semantics

A

How meaning is created through a lexis

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21
Q

Orthography

A

Spelling & other constructs

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22
Q

Grammar

A

Rules that govern language

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23
Q

Syntax

A

How words relate within a sentence

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24
Q

Pragmatic

A

Language choice by society

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25
Q

Morphology

A

Individual parts (tenses)

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26
Q

Phonology

A

Study of sounds

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27
Q

Discourse

A

Whole piece of text (start-finish)

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28
Q

Graphology

A

How it looks (layout)

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29
Q

Preposition

A

Show relationships: space, time, direction

30
Q

Pronouns

A

Identify objects in a general way

31
Q

Interrogative pronoun

A

Used to ask questions: who, where, why, which, how

32
Q

Demonstrative pronoun

A

Used to refer / context

33
Q

Determiners: Numerals

A

1,2,3 / first, second

34
Q

Determiners: Possessive pronouns

A

Come before to show possession (my, you, his, her)

35
Q

Determiners: Quantifiers

A

Show quantity (few, enough, many)

36
Q

Determiners: Demonstrative pronouns

A

This / those act as determiners when put into a noun

37
Q

Articles: Definite

A

Referring to something specific

38
Q

Article: Indefinite

A

Referring to something general

39
Q

Conjunction

A

Joins a clause together

40
Q

Co ordinating conjunction

A

Placed between phrases / clauses / sentences of equal rank

41
Q

Example of co ordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)

A 
F or
A nd
N or
B ut
O r
Y yet
S o
42
Q

Sub ordinating conjunction

A

Make something less important

43
Q

Example of sub ordinating conjunction

A

Since, because, although, unless, however, whereas

44
Q

Phrases

A

A unit of language with a head word / identifies the type of phrase

45
Q

Phrase types

A

Noun, verb

46
Q

Syntax

A

All about the word order and sentence structure

47
Q

Subject

A

identifies the topic of the clause

48
Q

Object

A

Identifies who or what has been affected by the verb

49
Q

Complement

A

Gives further information about another clause

50
Q

Adverbial

A

Contains information about the situation

51
Q

Clauses

A

Unit in the sentence

52
Q

Main clause

A

Can stand alone / make perfect sense eg: I ate

53
Q

Co ordinate clause

A

Two or more main clauses

54
Q

Declarative sentence

A

Used to convey information / make statements

55
Q

Interrogative sentence

A

Are used in asking questions

56
Q

Imperative sentence

A

Used in issuing orders / directions

57
Q

Exclamative

A

Expression / emotion / feeling as their main function

58
Q

Minor Sentence

A

Don’t have a subject / verb combination / make sense

eg: be good / feels nice

59
Q

Simple sentence

A

Has to have a subject / verb / complete thought

eg: chocolate melts / the rain falls

60
Q

Compound sentence

A

2 main clauses joined together by co ordinating conjunctions
eg: I ate some pasta / I went to the shop

61
Q

Complex sentence

A

Main clause / a sub ordinate clause joined by a sub ordinating conjunction
eg: the birds always flew unless they were frightened

62
Q

Compound - Complex sentence

A

2 co ordinate clauses / 1 sub ordinating clause with a sub ordinating conjunction
eg: because the soup was too cold, I warmed it in the microwave

63
Q

Neologism

A

New words / new senses of existing words

64
Q

Coining

A

Devise a new word

65
Q

Blending

A

Joining syllables to make a new word eg: brunch

66
Q

Compounding

A

joining words together to make a new word

67
Q

Amelioration

A

Change in meaning that cause it to lose status eg: sick

68
Q

Pejoration

A

Change in the meaning that causes it to lose status eg: lame

69
Q

Broadening

A

Extending range of meanings by adding new meanings

70
Q

Narrowing

A

Loss of range of meaning for a word as the use becomes obselete eg: meat

71
Q

Conversation

A

New meaning by writing it to fulfil a different words class eg: noun as verb- google

72
Q

Borrowing

A

Adoption of individual words eg: bravo

English Language: Identity (2 decks)

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