Core Principles Of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Flashcards
Define Behaviorism:
•Behaviorism is the scientific study of human behavior. It’s goal is to provide the basis for prediction and control of human beings.
•Behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences, such as reinforcement and punishment
•Reinforcement works better than punishment
•All behavior is learned from the environment
Example: Knowing the situation tells WHAT the human being will do. Knowing the action enables you to know WHY he is reacting in that way.
Define Behavior Modification:
•The techniques used to decrease or increase a particular type of behavior or reaction.
•This is done by replacing undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones through positive or negative reinforcement .
Example:-Using a reward chart to increase a certain behavior, such as doing homework or chores.-Withholding attention when the child is acting in undesirable ways and providing immediate positive attention when he begins behaving appropriately or simply praising the child when he engages in desirable behaviors.
Define Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA):
- Illustration is on PG90
•Applied behavior analysis is the science in which the principles of the analysis of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
•ABA is a way to teach, manage, or reduce behaviors.
•Goal: To directly observe, measure, and analyze the relations between environment and behavior
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA):
Six Key Components of ABA
1.ABA is guided by the attitudes and methods of scientific inquiry
2.All procedures are described and implemented in a systematic, technological manner
3.Not all means of changing behavior qualify as ABA; only those derived from the basic principles of behavior
4.Focus on socially significant behavior
5.Meaningful improvement in important behavior
6.Analyze the factors responsible for improvement
Classical Conditioning:
Is a behavioral procedure in where a uncondition stimulus is pair with a neutral stimulus to create a conditioning stimulus
•Respondent Behavior
•Pairing 2 stimuli repeatedly; eventually the neutral stimulus evokes the same response as the unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus and Response
*ILLUSTRATION ON PG 92
•Unconditioned Stimulus: Automatically evokes a response; no prior learning history
-Example: Blinking when AIR BLOWS IN YOUR EYE or SMELL OF FOOD making you feel hungry
•Unconditioned Response: Unlearned response that occurs in reaction to unconditioned stimulus
-Example: BLINKING when air blows in your eye or smell of food making you FEEL HUNGRY
Conditioned Stimulus and Response
Illustration on PG93
Conditioned Stimulus and Response
•Conditioned Stimulus: Neutral stimulus prior to being associated with unconditioned stimulus
•Conditioned Response:Automatic response that occurs in response to previously neutral stimulus (conditioned)
Operant Conditioning
Illustration on PG94
•Reinforcement and Punishment
•Operant behavior; Learned behavior
•The consequence following the response either increases (reinforcement) or decreases (punishment) the future frequency of that behavior
Antecedents-Behavior-Consequence (A-B-C of autism spectrum disorder)
Illustration on pg 99-102
Antecedents (AKA Proactive) are events or environments that TRIGGER behavior. This occurs BEFORE the behavior (i.e., who, what, where, when)
Behavior is an action that is BOTH observable and measurable-described in a way an outside observer can easily identify the action. It occurs as a result of the antecedent.
Consequence(AKA Reactive) is the response to the consumer’s behavior that will either strengthen or weakening the future likelihood of the consumer engaging in the same behavior in the future.
A1.Antecedent
B1.Behavior
C1.Consequence
A2.Prevention
B2.Socially Significant
C2.After the behavior
A3.Before Behavior
B3.Observable and Measurable
C3.Reinforcement or Punishment
Foundational Behavioral Terminology
1.Setting Events
2.Motivating Operations (Establishing and Abolishing)-Deprivation-Satiation 3.Stimulus
4.Response
5.Discriminative Stimulus
6.Stimulus Control
7.Extinction
8.Extinction burst
9.Spontaneous recovery
Setting Events & Setting Events Example
•Internal or environmental events that impact the likelihood of a particular behavior being triggered and/or the intensity at which the behavior will occur when antecedent event is present
Setting Events->
Illustration on Pg 104-105
Unconditioned Reinforcement and Punishment
•Unconditioned reinforcement: AKA primary reinforcer. Do not have to be learned.
-Example: food, water, oxygen, warmth
•Unconditioned punishment: AKA primary punisher. Do not have to be learned. Consequence is naturally undesirable (biologically averse to these)
-Example: shock, pain, loud noises
Conditioned Reinforcement and Punishment
Illustration on PG97-98
•Conditioned reinforcement: AKA secondary reinforcer. Become reinforcing when associated with primary reinforcers-LEARNED.
-Example: money, grades, tokens
•Conditioned punishment: AKA secondary punisher. Become reinforcing when associated with primary punishers LEARNED.
-Example: Bad grades, traffic tickets
Motivating Operations
•Motivating Operations are variables that:-Time-based-Alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer-Alter the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, object or event
•What are the effects:-Affects how much you want something-Affects what you will do to get it
Motivating Operations
•Establishing Operation (EO):-Makes you WANTsomething that you like MORE-Associated with deprivation(have not had it in a while)-MORElikely to engage in specific behaviors to get it
•Abolishing Operation (AO):-Makes you WANTsomething that you like LESS-Associated with satiation (have had too much of it)-LESSlikely to engage in specific behaviors to get it
