Core: Power and Authority Flashcards
1
Q
Areas of German Life Nazis Impacted
A
- cultural expression
- role of women
- youth
- religion
- minority groups (mainly Jews)
2
Q
Impact of Nazis on Cultural Expression
A
- Abstract art removed, jewish composers and jazz music were banned.
- Films: The Triumph of the Will (1935) and The Eternal Jew (1939)
- Artists had to register with the Reich Chamber for Culture
3
Q
Impact of Nazis on Role of Women
A
- ‘Matrimony and motherhood as the singular goal of fascist maidenhood’ (Nazi doctrine)
- Slogan ‘children, church, kitchen’
- Laws: Banned women from civil service and forced all married women from the workforce.
- childbirth rate rose from 15% to 20% between 1933 and 1936
4
Q
Impact of Nazis on Religion
A
- Nazism aimed to replace all organised religion with total devotion to the Fuhrer and Nazi Ideology.
- In 1935 all Protestant Churches were consolidated into the Reich Church - the Nazi Church.
- Church youth groups abandoned for Hitler Youth
- Attendance at religious schools dropped from 65% (1933) to 5% (1939)
5
Q
Impact of Nazis on Youth
A
- Indoctrination in schools and Hitler Youth Groups
- aimed to replace all family loyalty with total devotion to the Fuhrer.
- petty resistance of formality.
- By 1939, over 90% of youth were in Hitler Youth, then membership became compulsory.
6
Q
Intentions of the United Nations (UN)
A
- Franklin Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech to Congress in 1941, which declared four essential freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, freedom from want and freedom from fear.
7
Q
Who are the League of Nations?
A
- Developed by US President Wilson
- Countries included Aus, China, UK, Japan, France.
- ‘general association of nations’
8
Q
United Nations Charter Quote
A
“We the people of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind”
9
Q
League of Nations Successes
A
- Helped over 400,000 prisoners of war return home
- Slavery commission brought about the freeing of over 200,000 slaves in British owned Sierra Leone
- Prevented war between Sweden and Finland
10
Q
Successes of the United Nations (UN)
A
- The creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (1957)
- Establishment of a Commission to Deal with the Problems Raised by the Discovery of Atomic Energy” (1946)
- Universal declaration of Human Rights (1948)
- humanitarian work
11
Q
Failures of the League of Nations in the 1930s
A
- Japanese invasion of Manchuria
- The Disarmament Conference
- Mussolini’s invasion of Abyssinia
- 1929 Great Depression resulted in countries looking internally
12
Q
Reasons for the League of Nations’ Failures in the 1930s
A
- Self interest
- Absence of important countries
- Lack of troops
- Treaty of Versailles unfair
- Slow decisions
- Ineffective sanctions
13
Q
Impact of Nazis on Minority Groups (mainly Jews)
A
- 1933 - attempt to boycott Jewish businesses, Aryan Clause, Law against Overcrowding of German Schools
- 1935 - Nuremberg Laws
- 1938 - Kristallnacht
Every synagogue set alight, 7500 Jewish businesses ransacked, 25000 Jews arrested, 100 killed, hundreds injured
14
Q
Prominent individuals in the Nazi State
A
- Hermann Goering
- Joseph Goebbels
- Heinrich Himmler
- Martin Bormann
15
Q
Hermann Goering
A
- Assessment: one of the primary architects of the police state.
- established the Gestapo (secret political police) which he led until 1937 when Himmler took over.
- Organised the boycott of Jewish shops. No one allowed in.
- 1935 responsible for German rearmament, failed.
- Named Hitler’s successor.
16
Q
Joseph Goebbels
A
- 1933 - Minister for Public Enlightenment - controlled the press, radio, theatre, films, literature, music, and the fine arts
- 1927 created propaganda paper Der Angriff (the assault)
- created Fuhrer myth
- Instrumental in the burning of ‘Un-German’ books and boycott of Jewish Shops
- 1939 - Was responsible for the implementation of the Final Solution
17
Q
Methods used to exercise control
A
- terror and repression (gestapo, SS, concentration camps)
- laws and citizenship
- propaganda and censorship
- cult of personality
18
Q
Terror and repression
A
- Gestapo: mass surveillance.
- SS: silenced opposition through means including execution and forced labour.
- Concentration camps: 200 000 people in concentration camps 1934-1939. ‘most effective instrument’ (Hitler)
19
Q
Laws and citizenship
A
- ‘Aryan Clause’ - April 1933, led to the dismissal of Jewish civil servants, academics and teachers.
- ‘Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools’ - April 1933, limit of 1.5% of school’s population for Jews.
- Nuremberg Laws 1935 (Anti-Semitic). 1. Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour. 2. The Reich Citizenship Law.
- Kristallnacht in 1938 (7.5 thousand Jewish businesses and synagogues were smashed up, 25 000 jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
20
Q
Propaganda and Censorship
A
- Indoctrination
- Radio - effective means of communication for a large population. 1930s, 70% of households had them.
- Films - promoted valiant tales of German honour. E.g. Hitlerjunge Quex.
- Reichskulturkammer (Reich Chamber of Culture) censored and controlled literature, paintings and music.
- Abstract art removed, focused now on the Aryan body and natural German landscapes.
- ‘Ein Reich, Ein Volk, Ein Fuhrer’ (One nation, one people, one leader)
21
Q
Political Reasons for the collapse of the Weimar Republic
A
- constitutional
- lack of co-operation between political parties
- dissatisfaction with parties led to rise of extremists
22
Q
Economic Reasons for the collapse of the Weimar Republic
A
- Great Depression
- 6 million unemployed
- deflationary policies
- hyperinflation (lost support of middle class)
