Core Manual Flashcards
pest
undesirable organism that causes damage
pathogens
disease causing organisms ( viruses, bacteria, or fungi )
four main groups of pests
weeds, invertebrates, vertebrates, pathogens
biological control
use of natural enemies to control pests and their damage
chemical control
using naturally and or synthetic chemicals to manage pests
mode of action ( pesticide )
how the pest is killed
site of action ( pesticide )
the specific biological system affected within the pest
selective pesticide
toxic to some pests with little to no effect on others
example: some herbicides may kill broadleaf weeds but not grasses
systemic pesticide
absorbed and translocated within a plant or animal
contact pesticide
not absorbed through plant; must directly touch site to be effective
residual pesticides
control pests for longer periods of time
genetic control
manipulating genes of organism or choosing specific genetic traits to pass to offspring
mechanical control
traps, sticky surfaces, etc.
physical control
fences, sealing cracks, screens, etc.
regulatory control
control by governmental agencies
IPM ( Integrated Pest Management )
a balanced and tactical pest control strategy that uses a wide range of pest control tactics
key pests
cause major damages on regular basis
secondary pests
become a problem when a key pest is controlled or absent
occasional pests
become troublesome once in awhile because of factors such as life cycle, environmental change, or human activities
economic threshold
pest population density at which control measures are needed to prevent the pest from reaching economic injury level
economic injury level
pest population density that causes losses equal to the cost of control measures
DANGER-POISON (signal word)
product is highly toxic by any route of entry into the body
DANGER (signal word)
product is highly toxic by at least one route of entry; severe eye and skin irritation
WARNING (signal word)
product is moderately toxic; moderate eye and skin irritation
CAUTION ( signal word )
product is slightly toxic; slight eye and skin irritaiton
Emulsifiable Concentrate
formulation of oil soluable liquid active ingredient, petroleum based solvents, and a mixing agent
Solutions
active ingredients dissolved into a liquid solvent
RTU Low-Concentrate Solutions
require no further distillation before application
Concentrate Solutions
require distillation before application
Ultra-Low-Volume Concentrates
almost 100% active ingredient, designed to use as is or with small quantity of specfic solvent
Invert Emulsions
water soluable pesticide dispered in an oil carrier
Flowables
containing ai that is not dissolvable in oil or water, results in thick liquid
Granules
large and heavy particles that are ready to use
Dusts
ai plus a very fine dry inert carrier made from talc, chalk, etc
Pellets
similar to granule formation but the particles are the same size and shape
Wettable Powder
dry finely ground solid materials; most include wetting or dispersing agents; mixed with water and applied by spray
Water-dispersible Granule
Wettable powder formations compressed into granule sized particles
Soluable powder
formulation that disperses readily in water
Adjuvant
chemical that can affect how a pesticide works
Surfactant
type of adjuvant which alter the dispersing spreading and wetting properties of spray droplets
