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Pesticide > Additional > Flashcards

Additional Flashcards

1
Q

this type of plant is more susceptible to pesticide damage

A

herbaceous plant

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2
Q

lower spraying pressure, larger opening size help minimize this

A

spray drift

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3
Q

highly volatile pesticides have this kind of drift

A

vapor drift

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4
Q

biorational controls

A

oils, soaps, microbials

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5
Q

simple metamorphosis

A

nymphs hatch as miniature versions of adults; aphids grasshoppers thrips true bugs

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6
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

egg, larva, pupa, adult; ants bees flies butterflies

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7
Q

solution

A

dissolving substance into liquid; requires no agitation; can see through it usually

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8
Q

suspension

A

dispersing small particles into a liquid

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9
Q

emulsion

A

active ingredient is dissolved into oil based solvent then further diluted with water; some have EMULSIFIERS that prevent products from settling

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10
Q

emulsifiable concentrate

A

oil soluable liquid ai, petroleum based solvents, and a mixing agent; normally 2-6 pounds of ai per gallon

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11
Q

invert emulsion

A

water soluble pesticide in oil carrier; consistency of mayo; large droplets with low drift

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12
Q

flowables

A

ai are insoluable, made into fine powder and suspended in liquid; may be abrasive; thick liquid

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13
Q

wettable powder

A

dry finely ground material that must be mixed and agitated constantly

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14
Q

FIFRA

A

federal law that regulates production, sale, transportation, use, and disposal of pesticides

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15
Q

tolerance

A

amount of residue of pesticide allowed to remain on plant or animal used for food/feed

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16
Q

reregistration

A

EPAs effort to reevaluate pesticides registered before 1984

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17
Q

registration review

A

EPA program that lets EPA periodically reevaluate pesticides

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18
Q

restricted use pesticide

A

may cause harm to environment or applicator unless additional regulatory restrictions are applied; these pesticides can cause harm even if labeled is followed

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19
Q

How long is the certification period?

A

3 years

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20
Q

What percent of certification points can come from in house?

A

up to 50%

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21
Q

How many points must C03 certified applicators earn per year?

A

6 points

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22
Q

How long must records of pesticides be kept?

A

2 years

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23
Q

Special Local Need Registration

A

allow use of pesticide on object it is not federal labelled for; manufacturers must provide supplemental labeling for each SLN registration; SLN labeling has SLN# and state code

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24
Q

Emergency Exemption

A

Section 8 crisis exemption; pesticide can be used on crop that has no tolerance

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25
Q

Expert use permit

A

permit used to test pesticide under controlled conditions

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26
Q

Endangered species act

A

introduced to restrict used pesticides on sites that harbor endangered species

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27
Q

Vehicles transporting hazardous materials must have this on each side/end

A

placards

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28
Q

Hazard communication standard

A

information concerning hazards of chemicals must be given to employees

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29
Q

Resource conservation and recovery act

A

regulates generation, treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal of solid wastes

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30
Q

Two types of solid waste

A

P List and U List

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31
Q

P-List

A

( waste ) acutely hazardous commercial chemical products

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32
Q

U-List

A

( waste )Toxic and other commercial chemical products

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33
Q

Conditionally exempt small quantity generator

A

less than 100kg u list waste
less than 1 kg p list waste

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34
Q

small quantity generator

A

100 to 1000 kg u list waste but no more than 1 kg p list waste

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35
Q

large quantity generator

A

1000 kg or more u list waste or 1 kg or more of p list waste

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36
Q

small and large quantity generators must obtain THIS

A

EPA number

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37
Q

How long do small quantity generators have to treat waste?

A

180 days

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38
Q

How long do large quantity generators have to treat waste?

A

90 days

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39
Q

CERCLA

A

allows EPA authority to carry out cleanups of releases

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40
Q

trade name

A

manufacturer specific name for pesticide ie round up, interline, etc

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41
Q

brand name

A

often indicates formulation and %ai ie Tempo 20WP ( 20% ai wettable powder )

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42
Q

chemical name

A

complex name that identifies chemical structure

43
Q

common name

A

shortened chemical name ie glufosonate, metribuzin, etc

44
Q

EPA registration numbers

A

include 2 sets of numbers; one for the manufacturer and one for the product ( sometimes contains 3 numbers,

45
Q

EPA establishment number

A

identifies facility that produced the product

46
Q

mandatory statements

A

must be followed and are direct and imperative

47
Q

advisory statements

A

recommended actions that help efficiency or safety

48
Q

water dispersible granular

A

wettable powder formulations compressed into dust free particles

49
Q

soluble powder

A

like wettable powder but dissolves into water

50
Q

adjuvant

A

chemical that changes how a pesticide works

51
Q

surfactant

A

most common adjuvant

52
Q

nonionic surfactant

A

helps systemic pesticides

53
Q

cationic surfactant

A

not used standalone, positive charge

54
Q

anionic surfactant

A

helps contact pesticides

55
Q

toxicity

A

measure of a pesticides capacity to cause illness

56
Q

exposure

A

when pesticides get onto or into the body

57
Q

hazard

A

toxicity x exposure; greatest hazard comes during mixing

58
Q

local effects

A

contact with pesticide on body

59
Q

systemic effects

A

substance absorbed into body

60
Q

main pesticide route into body

A

through skin

61
Q

what type of formulations absorb easily through skin?

A

oil based formulations

62
Q

LD50

A

amount required of toxicant to kill 50% of population of test subjects ( the lower the number the worse )

63
Q

LC50

A

concentration of substance in air or water required to kill 50% of test population; good for fish testing

64
Q

Global harmonized system

A

international system of Hazard Communication

65
Q

4 signal words

A

DANGER-POISON, DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION

66
Q

DANGER-POISON

A

skull and crossbones, trace amounts to 50mg LD50

67
Q

DANGER

A

often corrosive; normally have highly toxic contact effects

68
Q

WARNING

A

50-500 mg LD50

69
Q

CAUTION

A

500-5000 mg LD50

70
Q

Chronic toxicity

A

long term exposure effects

71
Q

Cholinestrate Inhibition

A

organophosphates and carbamids can reduce cholinestrate in body which can effect nervious system; should get monitored before and after use

72
Q

Where can you find required PPE?

A

under “Precautionary Statements”

73
Q

most standard PPE

A

long pants, long shirt, shoes and socks

74
Q

What percent of pesticide exposure is reduced when wearing gloves?

A

99%

75
Q

What body part gets the most pesticide exposure?

A

hands ( 85% ) followed by forearms ( 13% )

76
Q

Standard glove thickness

A

14 mils

77
Q

What organization is responsible for testing and approving different types of respirators?

A

NIOSH

78
Q

Atmosphere supplying respirators

A

Supply clean air

79
Q

Air purifying respirators

A

purify the air that you breathe; can be powered or unpowered

80
Q

filters ( respirators )

A

remove dust or sprays

81
Q

chemical canisters ( respirators )

A

vapor and gas removing

82
Q

What appears on labeling when a powered APR is required?

A

“HE”

83
Q

N rated APR

A

not oil resistant

84
Q

R rated APR

A

oil resistant up to 8 hours

85
Q

P rated APR

A

oil proof

86
Q

solubility

A

ability of pesticide to dissolve in solvent; high solubility increases runoff

87
Q

adsorption

A

pesticide binds to soil particles; high adsorption= less likely to move from spray site

88
Q

persistence

A

ability of pesticide to remain on spray site; can be good for control or bad for food and stuff

89
Q

volatility

A

tendency for pesticide to turn to gas or vapor

90
Q

types of unwanted pesticide movement on the ground

A

runoff ( flowing downhill ) and leaching ( absorbing too deeply in ground )

91
Q

techniques to reduce drift

A

low pressure, large droplet size, low wind

92
Q

low relative humidity and high temp does this to spray drift

A

increases it

93
Q

temperature inversion

A

warm air is above cooler air; don’t apply under these conditions because drift occurs badly; happens worst at night into mid morning

94
Q

vapor drift

A

volatile pesticides turn to gas and drift at high temperatures

95
Q

point source

A

from specific location such as pesticide spill

96
Q

non point source

A

from widespread location such as broadcast agro application

97
Q

physical incompatability

A

pesticides won’t stay mixed; turns into paste, putty, or cottage cheese like consistency

98
Q

chemical incompatability

A

alters activity of one or more mixed pesticides

99
Q

compatibility test

A

fill jar 1/5 to 1/2 with carrier and add proportionate amounts of each product and wait 10-15 minutes

100
Q

Tank mixing order

A

carrier, compatability agent, suspension products (dry then liquid); solution products; adjuvants; emulsion products

101
Q

two primary types of closed mixing and loading systems

A

mechanical devices and water soluble packaging

102
Q

mini bulk containers

A

40-330 gallons; often pump and drive units deliver the product; is usually returned to manufacturer to be refilled

103
Q
A

Pesticide (3 decks)

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