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Chemistry > Core Knowledge > Flashcards

Core Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

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2
Q

What is the formula of a carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

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3
Q

Where do hydrogen bonds form?

A

Between H and bonded to O/N/F of one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on O/N/F of a neighbouring molecule

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4
Q

Give two anomalous properties of H2O resulting from hydrogen bonding

A

The lower density of ice compared with water
It’s relatively high melting/boiling point

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5
Q

What are the shapes of s and p orbitals?

A

S- spherical
P- dumbell

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6
Q

What is an orbital?

A

A region of space within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

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7
Q

How many electrons fill the third quantum shell?

A

18- 3s2 3p6 3d10

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8
Q

What is the definition of an alkali?

A

A substance that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution

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9
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonded pairs of electrons and no lone pairs?

A

120- trigonal planar

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10
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

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11
Q

What is the first ionisation energy?

A

Energy required to remove one mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms

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12
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

The strong electrostatic attraction between cations(positive ions) and delocalised electrons

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13
Q

What is the trend in pH of Group 2 hydroxides?

A

They become more alkaline higher pH as you go down

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14
Q

Why do the boiling point of the halogens Cl2, Br2 and I2 increase down the group?

A

Increased induced dipole-dipole interactions(London forces) due to more electrons

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15
Q

What is disproportionation?

A

Oxidation and reduction of the same element

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16
Q

What is the test for a chloride ion?

A

Add nitric acid and silver nitrate to form AgCl- a white precipitate

17
Q

What is the test for carbonates, CO32-?

A

By reaction with H+ (aq) forming CO2(g)

18
Q

What is the test for sulfate, SO42-?

A

By reaction with Ba2+(aq) forming a white precipitate

19
Q

What is the test for ammonium, NH4+?

A

By reaction with warm NaOH(aq) forming NH3

20
Q

What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

Chemistry (2 decks)

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