Core DNA technologies

Question 1

DNA cloning

Answer 1

Making identical copies of DNA molecule using DNA polymerase to replicate the DNA.

Question 2

Transformation

Answer 2

the specific process where exogenous genetic material is directly taken up and incorporated by a cell through its cell membrane

Question 3

Vector

Answer 3

DNA molecule (often plasmid or virus) that is used as a vehicle to carry a particular DNA segment into a host

Question 4

Plasmid vector

Answer 4

5-10 kb
replicates independently of host chromosomes

Question 5

Cosmid vector

Answer 5

30-44 kb
modified cosmid vector to contain cos sequences from lambda bacteriphage, which impose a constraint on the size of inserts that can be stably inserted

Question 6

Bacterial artificial chromosome vector

Answer 6

up to 300 kb
Plasmid vector containing gene that confers a thight constraint on copy number, allowing large DNA fragments to be staby propagated.

Question 7

yeast artificial chromosome

Answer 7

0.2-2 mb
Plasmid vector containing short sequence elements needed for chromosome propagation in yeast

Question 8

episomes

Answer 8

lengths of DNA existing either in the cytoplasm or attached to the chromosome of a bacterium

Question 9

Marker gene

Answer 9

Specific gene that is unique to transformed host cells e.g. antibiotica

Question 10

DNA libraries

Answer 10

collections of DNA clones representing all types of DNA sequence in starting DNA.

Question 11

expresson clonning

Answer 11

selection of specific polypeptides, generated from a cDNA or genomic DNA library, based on certain characteristics of the expressed proteins, such as antibody or ligand binding, recognition by T-cells, function, or complementation of cell defects.

Question 12

Affinity tag

Answer 12

efers to a short peptide added to either the N- or C-end of a recombinant protein to facilitate purification of the expressed protein

Question 13

Nucleic acid hybridization

Answer 13

• Investigation of a less known nucleic acid sequence
• selectively purify a desired type of nucleic acid sequence

Question 14

Southern blot

Question 15

Northern blot

Question 16

Chromosome in situ hybridization

Question 17

Tissue in situ hybridization

Question 18

Sanger sequencing

Question 19

Next generation sequencing (Illumina)

Question 20

Emulsion PCR

Question 21

Bridge amplification

Question 22

Sequencing by oligonucleotide ligation detection

Question 23

Oxford nanopore

Question 24

single-cell genomics

Question 25

flow cytometry

Question 26

Mass cytometry

Question 27

Microfluidic cell sorting