Core - Chapter 2 - Disparities Flashcards
State the three components that are used to calculate the Human Development Index
Longevity (life expectancy)
Knowledge (adult literacy and average number of years’ schooling)
Standard of living (purchasing power adjusted to local cost of living)
Which countries had the highest and lowest HDI 2007?
Highest: 1. Iceland, 2. Norway, 3. Australia
Lowest: Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau
What other ways are there to measure development?
IMR, as high IMR are found in the poorest LEDCs, the causes of death are often preventable and that the IMR is low where water supply, sanitation, housing, healthcare and nutrition are adequate.
What has happened to the gap between rich and poor over the last two centuries?
It has increased, the difference between the richest and poorest countries changed from a ratio of 3:1 in 1820 to 11:1 in 1913, to 35:1 in 1950 and to 99:1 in 1999.
How has the original Asian “tigers” developed economically?
Through state-led industrialization, spontaneous industrialization and industrialization led by transnational corporations (TNCs)
What is the most important link between social and economic factors?
The link between investment in education and poverty
How does education affect poverty?
May raise the incomes of those with education which may promote growth in the economy. This may increase income levels for those with higher levels of education, which is usually correlated to a fewer number of children
What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDG)?
- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- Achieve universal primary education
- Promote gender equality and empower women
- Reduce child mortality
- Improve maternal health
- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
- Ensure environmental sustainability
- Develop global partnership for development
What are the “Twin Peaks” of rich and poor?
The large countries at either end of the spectrum of world income inequality
Pole 1: the 2.4 billion people with mean income less than $1000 per year living in India, Indonesia, rural China etc. 42% of the world population receiving 9% of the world PPP income
Pole 2: the 500 million people whose annual income exceeds $11,500, including USA,Japan, Germany, France and the UK.13% of the worlds population receiving 45% of the world PPP income
Describe some trends in income between different regions of the world
- continued rapid economic growth in the already rich countries relative to most of the rest of the world
- decline in real income of sub-Saharan Africa and eastern Europe
- relatively modest gains in Latin America and the Arab states
How many people do not have work in the world?
According to the International Labour Organization, the number lies on 200 million people and many millions more face inadequate employment
Which groups are usually excluded from the process that determines their social welfare?
Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, older persons and youth
Name one environmental impact of disparities
The poor frequently end up with poor quality land, water, fuel and other natural resources, which in turn limit their productivity
