Core 3: Parenting and Caring Flashcards
Key ideas from Core 3: Parenting and Caring
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Types of parents/carers
- Biological Parents
- Social Parents (adoption, fostering, step-parenting, surrogacy)
- Carers (primary, informal and formal)
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Roles of parents and carers
- satisfying the specific needs
- building a positive relationship
- promoting wellbeing
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Preperations for becoming a parent/carer
- changing health behaviours (eg nutrition, physical activity, social or spiritual connections)
- enhancing knowledge and skills (eg education, information, training)
- modifying the physical environment (eg housing, amenities, equipment)
- organising finances (eg budgeting, saving, support payments)
Biological parents
One who contributes genetic material as a result of sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technologies
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
(Factors affecting the roles of parents/carers)
Characteristics of the dependant
- age
- skills/capabilities
- special needs, eg illness, disability
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
(Factors affecting the roles of parents/carers)
Influences on the parent/carer
- personal (CROP MESS)
- culture, customs and tradition
- religion/spirituality
- education
- previous experience
- own upbringing
- multiple commitments, eg work, study, sport, family
- socioeconomic status
- special needs, eg illness, disability
- social (MCG)
- community attitudes
- gender expectations
- media stereotypes
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Styles of parenting/caring
- authoritarian
- democratic
- permissive/indulgent
- negligent
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Rights and Responsibilities of Parents/Carers
- legal rights of parents, carers and dependants
- responsibilities of parents and carers
- duty of care
- setting limits
- discipline
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Types of Support
- informal
- relatives, friends, neighbours
- formal
- government agencies
- community organisations
SYLLABUS KNOWLEDGE
Types of services (formal)
- health care
- education
- financial support
- childcare
- respite care
- counselling
Social Parents
One who has parental responsibilities for child they do not share a genetic relationship with
Adoption
The legal process where all legal rights and responsibilities are transferred from birth to adoptive parents
Types of adoption
- Local adoption (birth parents voluntarily make the decision)
- Permanent care (children under the responsibility of FACS, unable to remain in care of parents of family members)
- Out-of-home care adoption (Children are placed with authorised carers)
- Intercountry adoption (Adoption of children from another country)
- Intrafamily adoption (adoption of a child in NSW by a step parent or relative)
Fostering
An alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them in the family home
Step-parent
A man or woman who marries or forms a defacto relationship with a partner who has a child or children from a previous relationship
Surrogacy
An arrangement between a couple who cannot have a baby and a woman who gets pregnant on the couple’s behalf; the child is handed to the couple after delivery
What are the different types of artificial reproductive technologies?
- GIFT - Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (involves removing a woman’s eggs, mixing them with sperm, and immediately placing them into a fallopian tube)
- ET - Embryo transfer (involves embryos being placed into the uterus of a female)
- IVF- In vitro fertilisation (extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus)
- AI- Artificial insemination (involves inserting prepared semen directly into the cervix, fallopian tubes, or uterus)
Reasons a child may be placed in foster care
- they are considered to be at risk of harm
- their basic physical and emotional needs are not being met
- there may be a risk of abuse or exposure to domestic violence
- if a parent is unable to to provide care due to physical or mental health issues
- parent may be in prison
What is a carer?
A person who, formally or informally, provides ongoing personal care to a dependant
What is a primary carer?
Carers who provide the majority of informal assistance – they are usually related in some way to the dependent and feel emotionally obliged to care for the person
What is the difference between a formal and informal carer?
Informal carer- Any person who is giving regular, ongoing assistance to another person without payment
- Examples: family member, friend or neighbour. a grandparent may assist with the care of their grandchild while the parent works
Formal carer- trained professionals who provide care through formal agencies or institiutions and are paid for by the reciever
- Examples: Nurse, aged care worker, teacher, childcare worker, family day care worker, palliative carer, au pair, nanny.
Provide examples of specific preperations that may be made in becoming a parent.
- Changing health behaviours (taking a pregnancy multivitamin like Elevit, quitting smoking, exercising more regularly, healthy balanced diet)
- Organising finances (making a budget, planning for the cost of having a baby, applying for family assistance payments, Family Tax Benefit, Child Care Rebate, Paid Parental Leave)
- Enhancing knowledge and skills (reading parenting books, attending pre and postnatal classes with a midwife, learning to cook nutritious meals, asking GP questions)
- Modifying the physical environment (moving house to a bigger place, setting up a nursery, change tables, play areas, covering powerpoints, latches on cupboards
What are the legal rights of parents?
DEALM
- Discipline (through reasonable means)
- Education (decisions but must ensure access)
- Adoption (right to consent to)
- Legal Proceedings (right to take legal proceedings on child’s behalf)
- Medical decisions (attend to child’s medical treatment up to age of 14)
Permissive/indulgent parenting
- Very lenient/spoiled
- Few demands/limits placed on child
- Free to behave however they choose
- May feel that parents don’t care for them
Authoritarian parenting
- Strict rules and limits
- Harsh consequences
- No negotiation
- Dependant has little say in decision making
Democratic parenting
- Equality in decision making
- Negotiate limits/rules
- Expectations clear
- Consequences clear
- Positive and respectful
Negligent parenting
- Needs are not satisfied (insufficient food, clothing, hygiene, love, supervision, education)
- Neglect
- Often removed from homes (by Govt agencies)
What is ‘duty of care’?
A legal obligation to maintain the health and welfare of any dependent in your care.
What factors would be considered in considering if a parent or carer negligent?
- duty of care (does a duty of care exist)
- standard of care (is the care below standard)
- breach of duty of care (has a breach of the duty of care occured)
- harm or loss (has harm or loss occured)
How can parents go about making rules?
- decide on a few important rules
- discuss the reasons for these rules with the child
- involve the child in discussing limitations, as well as fair and reasonable consequences when rules are broken
- praise the child when rules are followed
- consistently, assertively and calmly follow through with the consequences for breaking the rules
- rules and expectations need to be modified as the child grows and matures
